Biology of Hair Growth (eBook)

Front Cover 1
The Biology of Hair Growth 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 14
Dedication 6
List of Contributors 8
Preface 10
Introduction 12
Chapter 1. Embryology of Hair 20
I. Introduction 20
II. Chronology 21
III. Morphology 23
IV. Topography 47
V. Summary 49
VI. References 51
Chapter 2. The Regional Frequency and Distribution of Hair Follicles in Human Skin 52
I. Introduction 52
II. Results 52
III. Comment 56
IV. References 57
Chapter 3. The Anatomy of the Hair Follicle 58
I. Introduction 58
II. Gross Anatomy 59
III. Microscopic Anatomy 66
IV. Growth and Differentiation 80
V. References 82
Chapter 4. The Histochemistry of the Hair Follicle 84
I. Introduction 84
II. Histotopography of Inorganic Substances 85
III. Histotopography of Carbohydrates 85
IV. The Histotopography of Lipids 88
V. Amino Acids and Proteins 89
VI. Substances Containing Sulfhydryl and Disulfide Groups 89
VII. Nucleic Acids 92
VIII. The Histotopography of Enzymes 93
IX. Histochemistry of Keratin of the Hair Cortex 101
X. The Histochemistry of Trichohyalin 104
XI. Histochemical Aspects of the Keratinization of the Hair 104
XII. References 106
Chapter 5. The Electron Microscopy of Keratinized Tissues 110
I. Introduction 110
II. The Basal Layer Cells and the Dermal-Epidermal Junction 112
III. Cell Membranes and Differentiation 113
IV. Cell Synthesis 119
V. Keratinization in Hair 123
VI. Keratohyalin and Keratinization in Skin 126
VII. Summary 128
VIII. Acknowledgments 129
IX. References 129
Chapter 6. Electron Microscopy and the Biosynthesis of Fibers 132
I. Introduction 132
II. The Fine Structure of Fiber-Forming Cells 134
III. Silk-Forming Cells of the Silkworm 136
IV. The Left Colleterial Gland 139
V. Chitin-Forming Cells 140
VI. Collagen-Forming Cells 140
VII. Epidermal Proteins (Skin, Hair, and Feather) 140
VIII. From Precursor to Fiber 142
IX. Acknowledgments 150
X. References 150
Chapter 7. The Chemistry of Keratinization 154
I. General Introduction 154
II. Hair 156
III. Epidermis 163
IV. Discussion 182
V. Acknowledgments 184
VI. References 184
Chapter 8. The Mitotic Activity of the Follicle 190
I. Introduction 190
II. Growth Cycle of the Follicle 192
III. Mitotic Activity of the Matrix 194
IV. Mitotic Activity and Respiration in Vitro 196
V. Mitotic Activity in Vivo 198
VI. Discussion 202
VII. Summary 204
VIII. Acknowledgments 205
IX. References 205
Chapter 9. The Vascularity and Patterns of Growth of Hair Follicles 208
I. Introduction 208
II. Vascular Patterns in Rat Skin 214
III. Vascular Patterns in Rabbit Skin 225
IV. The Vascular Plexuses 230
V. Summary 234
VI. References 236
Chapter 10. The Vascularity and Innervation of Human Hair Follicles 238
I. The Blood Vessels 238
II. The Nerves 243
III. References 245
Chapter 11. The Behavior of Pigment Cells and Epithelial Cells in the Hair Follicle 248
I. Introduction 248
II. Development of Epithehal Cells 248
III. Behavior of Pigment Cells 251
IV. Acknowledgments 255
V. References 255
Chapter 12. The Electron Microscopy of Human Melanocytes and Melanin Granules 258
I. Introduction 258
II. The Structure of Isolated Melanin Granules 259
III. The Cytology of the Melanocyte and Melanogenesis 260
IV. The Granules of Red Hair 268
V. The Melanocytes of the Human Epidermis 268
VI. Acknowledgments 270
VII. References 271
Chapter 13. The Nature of Hair Pigment 274
I. Introduction and Classification of Hair and Feather Pigments 274
II. The Inheritance of Hair Color 276
III. Metabohc Pathway of Tyrosine-Melanin Formation 278
IV. Cytochemical Studies of Tyrosine-Melanin Formation in Hair 287
V. Biochemical Basis of Changes in Hair Color 304
VI. The Metabolic Pathway to Yellow Hair Pigment 310
VII. Appendix 316
VIII. References 317
Chapter 14. Nutritional Factors Influencing Hair and Wool Growth 324
I. Introduction 324
II. The Influence of Diet on the Rate of Fiber Production 325
III. The Influence of Diet on the Nature of Wool and Hair Produced 330
IV. The Influence of Diet During the Period of Follicle Development on the Ultimate Capacity of Animals to Produce Hair and Wool 332
V. The Nutrition of the Follicle 333
VI. References 349
Chapter 15. The Effects of Different Hormonal States on the Growth of Hair in Rats 354
I. Introduction 355
II. Hair Growth in Intact Rats 357
III. The Effects of Gonadal Hormones on Hair Growth 363
IV. The Effects of Adrenal Hormones on Hair Growth 368
V. The Effects of Thyroid Hormone on Hair Growth 383
VI. The Effects of Diabetes and Insulin on Hair Growth 392
VII. The Effects of Pituitary Hormones on Hair Growth 398
VIII. The Effects of Selected Hormonal Imbalances on Hair Follicles in Different Stages of Growth 405
IX. Summary 406
X. References 412
Chapter 16. Age, Sex, and Genetic Factors in the Regulation of Hair Growth in Man: A Comparison of Caucasian and Japanese Populations 418
I. Introduction 419
II. Results 420
III. Discussion 445
IV. Summary 449
V. References 451
Chapter 17. Physical Factors Which Influence the Growth of Hair 454
I. Introduction 454
II. Factors Influencing Hair Growth 455
III. Summary 457
IV. Acknowledgments 458
V. References 458
Chapter 18. Response of Hair Roots to Chemical and Physical Influence 460
I. Introduction 460
II. Morphology of Normal Hair Roots of Scalp 460
III. Hair Roots Following Methotrexate (Amethopterin) 462
IV. Hair Roots Following Ionizing Radiation 464
V. Hair Roots in Alopecia Areata 466
VI. Hair Roots Following Illness 467
VII. Comments 467
VIII. References 468
Chapter 19. A Reconsideration of the Phenomenon of Hair Neogenesis With Particular Reference to the Healing of Cutaneous Wounds in Adult Mammals 470
I. Introduction 470
II. Cyclical Degeneration and Regeneration in the Normal Follicle 471
III. The Regenerative Capacity of Experimentally Damaged Follicles 472
IV. Hair Regeneration from Healed Full-Thickness Wounds in Rabbits' Skin 478
V. Does Hair Neogenesis Occur During Normal Growth? 482
VI. Hair Neogenesis and the Growth of Antlers 483
VII. References 485
Chapter 20. Ageing of the Human Male Scalp 488
I. Introduction 488
II. Arterial Circulation in the Scalp 488
III. Ageing Changes in the Scalp 491
IV. Summary 503
V. References 504
Chapter 21. Summary 506
AUTHOR INDEX 520
SUBJECT INDEX 530