CNS and Behavioural Pharmacology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
CNS and Behavioural Pharmacology 6
Copyright Page 7
Table of Contents 8
List of authors 10
Preface 12
Part 1: Invited lectures 14
CHAPTER 1. PSYCHGPHARMACOLDGY AND CONSERVATION 16
Introduction 16
Factors affecting drug dosage 17
Selection of drugs 24
Pharmacological profile 28
Discussion 29
References 29
CHAPTER 2. PITUITARY PEPTIDES ON MOTIVATIONAL, LEARNING AND MEMORY PROCESSES 32
Introduction 32
Hypophysectomy and avoidance behavior 33
"Short term" and "long term" effects of neuropeptides 33
Behavioral effects of ACTH analogues not restricted to avoidance behavior 34
ACTH analogues and "arousal" 34
ACTH analogues on [3H] leucine incorporation into brain proteins 34
Structure activity studies with ACTH analogues 35
Consolidation defects in diabetes insipidus rats 37
Behavioral effects of vasopressin analogues not restricted to avoidance behavior 37
Vasopressin analogues and paradoxical sleep 38
Structure activity studies with vasopressin analogues 38
References 39
Part 2: Alcohol depedence 44
CHAPTER 3. ALCOHOL, ANAESTHETICS & MEMBRANES
References 52
CHAPTER 4. BRAIN MONOAMINES IN ALCOHOL SELECTION AND DEPENDENCE 54
Brain 5HT in voluntary ethanol selection 54
Brain catecholamines in voluntary ethanol selection 57
Brain monoamines in alcohol withdrawal 58
Conclusions 61
Acknowledgements 61
References 61
CHAPTER 5. VARIABLES AFFECTING THE KINETICS AND EXTENT OF TOLERANCE TO AND PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE ON ETHANOL 64
The Moving Belt Test 64
Tolerance Development and Loss 65
The Effect of Previous Tolerance Development on Subsequent Tolerance Development 65
Behavioral Augmentation of Tolerance 67
Conclusions 69
References 70
CHAPTER 6. GENETICS AND THE PHARMACOLOGY OF ALCOHOL 72
Inbreeding 72
Selective Breeding 74
Heterogeneous Populations 76
Conclusion 77
Acknowledgment 78
References 78
CHAPTER 7. SCHEDULES OF ETHANOL REINFORCEMENT 80
Ethanol-Reinforced Responding 80
Schedules of Ethanol-Reinforced Responding 82
Relation of Ethanol as a Reinforcer to Physical Dependence 85
Conclusion 85
Acknowledgements 86
References 86
CHAPTER 8. PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE AND ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME IN MAN 88
Introduction 88
Definitions, Assumptions, and Hypothesis 89
Methodology 90
Findings 93
During the first 3 days of withdrawal 96
Discussion 96
Conclusion 99
CHAPTER 9. CONCLUDING REMARKS 102
Part 3: Interactions of neurotransmitters and the hypothalamic releasing hormones 104
CHAPTER 10. MAPPING AND RELATIONSHIP OF HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES 106
Experimentais 107
Distribution of CA enzymes 108
Comments 113
Conclusions 116
Acknowledgements 116
References 118
CHAPTER 11. BRAIN CATECHOLAMINES AND ACTH SECRETION : STUDIES ON BRAIN DOPAMINE BETA HYDR0XYLASE 124
Correlation between Brain Catecholamines and ACTH Secretion 124
Central Noradrenergic System Inhibiting ACTH Secretion 124
Clinical Speculation 125
Catecholamine Regulatory Enzymes 126
Conclusions 131
Acknowledgements 131
References 132
CHAPTER 12. EFFECTS OF HYPOTHALAMIC PEPTIDES ON THE BRAIN 134
I. Introduction and Historical Review of the CNS Actions of Peptides 134
II. Neuropharmacological Tests of Hypothalamic Peptides on the CNS 135
III. Effects of MIF-I and a-MSH on Biogenic Amines 138
IV. Effects of Biogenic Amines on TRH Release 139
References 140
CHAPTER 13. BRAIN MONOAMINES AND THE CONTROL OF GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION 144
Brain monoamine participation in GH secretion in the rat 144
Serotoninergic control of growth hormone secretion 147
GH-depressing effect of dopaminergic compounds in acromegaly: CNS or pituitary site of action? 151
Conelus ions 153
Acknowledgments 153
References 153
CHAPTER 14. BRAIN NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND THE SECRETION OF THE GONADOTROPINS AND GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONES 160
Monoamines and Reproductive Function 160
Interactions of Estrogens with Neurotransmitters in Brain 163
Effect of GABA on Gonadotropin Secretion 165
Cholinergic Synapses and the Release of Gonadotropins In vitro studies 166
Site of Action of the Neurotransmitters 167
Neurotransmitters and the Release of HHH into Portal Blood 167
Involvement of cAMP in Hormonal Release 168
Conclusions 169
Acknowledgements 170
References 170
CHAPTER 15. NEUROHUMORAL FACTORS CONTROLLING GONADOTROPIN SECRETION 172
Role of Acetylcholine 172
Role of prostaglandins 173
Role of catecholamines 174
Summary and Conclusions 177
Acknowledgments 178
References 179
Part 4: Pharmacology of emotive behaviour 182
CHAPTER 16. PHARMACOLOGY OF EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR 184
CHAPTER 17. EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON BEHAVIOR CONTROLLED BY NOXIOUS STIMULI 188
Behavior Maintained by Noxious Stimuli 188
Behavior Suppressed by Noxious Stimuli 195
Conclusions 196
Acknowledgments 196
References 196
CHAPTER 18. EMOTIONAL AND MOTIVATIONAL ASPECTS OF DRUG TAKING BEHAVIOR OF ANIMALS 198
References 208
CHAPTER 19. THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS UPON EMOTIONS 210
References 217
CHAPTER 20. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE ACTION OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS ON EMOTIONS, MOTIVATIONS AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF ANIMALS 220
Emotional state versus emotional expression in estimation of drug-changed behavior evoked by central electrical stimulation 220
Evaluation of the individual spectrum of psycho tropic 'activity 221
Operant responses controlled by brain stimulation as a model in pharmacological experimentation 223
Conclusions 224
CHAPTER 21. NEW APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF ANXIETY AND ANXIOLYTIC DRUGS IN ANIMAL. 226
REFERENCES 234
CHAPTER 22. ANIMAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: PREDICTIVE VALUE FOR DRUG EFFECTS IN MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL DISORDERS 236
Neuroleptics 236
Antidepressants 238
Antianxiety Agents 238
Limitations of Motivational Interpretations of Animal Data 244
References 245
CHAPTER 23. SYMPOSIUM ON PHARMACOLOGY OF EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR - CLOSING REMARKS 250
References 255
Part 5: Pharmacological aspects of CSF-transport system 256
CHAPTER 24. METABOLISM OF BIOGENIC AMINES IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF MAN 258
Methods 258
Catabolism of Norepinephrine 259
Catabolism of Dopamine 260
Catabolism of Serotonin 262
Conclusions 264
Acknowledgements 264
References 265
CHAPTER 25. SELECTIVE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS ON LEVELS OF MONOAMINE METABOLITES AND PROLACTIN IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS 268
Introduction 268
Mass fragmentographic determination of the major monoamine metabolites in CSF 268
Mass fragmentographic determination of minor monoamine metabolites in CSF 271
The effect of psychoactive drug treatment on levels of monoamine metabolites in CSF of psychiatric patients 272
The effect of psychoactive drug treatment on prolactin levels in CSF 274
Mass fragmentographic determination of chlorpromazine in CSF 275
Concluding remarks 277
Acknowledgements 277
References 277
CHAPTER 26. DETERMINATION OE BIOGENIC AMINE METABOLITES IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BY MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY - METHODS AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS 282
Conclusions 287
Acknowledgements 287
CHAPTER 27. SIGNIFICANCE OF LUMBAR CSF METABOLITE MEASUREMENTS IN AFFECTIVE ILLNESS 290
Methods (CSF Studies) 292
Methods (Brain Studies) 293
Results 294
Conclusions 296
References 297
CHAPTER 28. STUDIES OF CSF AMINE METABOLITES IN AFFECTIVE ILLNESS AND IN SCHIZOPHRENIA 298
References 307
CHAPTER 29. IMPORTANCE OF THE DOPAMINE METABOLISM FOR THE CLINICAL EFFECTS AND SIDE EFFECTS OF NEUROLEPTICS 312
Introduction 312
Methods 313
Results 314
Discussion 317
Summary 319
References 319
CHAPTER 30. TRYPTOPHAN AND MONOAMINE METABOLITES IN CSF IN HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 322
References 325
CHAPTER 31. CSF AMINE METABOLITES IN VARIOUS NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES 330
CHAPTER 32. ONTOGENIC ASPECTS ON THE ELIMINATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS FROM THE CNS 332
Acknowledgements 340
References 340
CHAPTER 33. COMPOSITE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS FOR ORGANIC ACIDS AND BASES IN CHOROID PLEXUS 342
References 345
Contents of Volumes 1—6 346
Subject Index 354