Pharmacology of Pain (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Pharmacology of Pain 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
LIST OF AUTHORS 8
CHAPTER 1. 
10 
CHAPTER 2. MEDIATORS OF PAIN 12
METHODS FOR STUDYING PAIN PRODUCTION BY CHEMICAL AGENTS 13
RECORDING PAIN SENSATION 14
GRAPHIC RECORDING OF PAIN 14
APPLICATION OF CHEMICALS 14
CANTHARIDIN BLISTER TECHNIQUE 15
ENDOGENOUS CHEMICAL AGENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PAIN 17
PRODUCTION OF PAIN BY BODY FLUIDS 17
PAIN IN MYONECROSIS 19
RELEASE OF K+ FROM ERYTHROCYTES 21
PAIN PRODUCTION BY SKIN EXTRACTS 23
RELEASE OF 5-HT FROM BLOOD PLATELETS 25
LYSOSOMAL CATIONIC PROTEIN IN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES 25
HISTAMINE 26
PLASMA KININS 27
URATE CRYSTALS AND ACUTE GOUTY ARTHRITIS 30
MIGRAINE 31
TISSUE DAMAGE 31
CONCLUSIONS 31
REFERENCES 31
CHAPTER 3. PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES AS MEDIATORS OF PAIN 34
METHODS AND RESULTS 35
DISCUSSION 40
SUMMARY 41
REFERENCES 41
CHAPTER 4. DESENSITIZATION WITH CAPSAICIN AND RELATED ACYLAMIDES AS A TOOL FOR STUDYING THE FUNCTION OF PAIN RECEPTORS 42
THE DESENSITIZING EFFECT OF CAPSAICIN 42
ADAPTATION OF PAIN RECEPTORS 45
EFFECT OF CAPSAICIN DESENSITIZATION ON THE NEUROGENIC INFLAMMATION 48
EFFECT OF CAPSAICIN ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC HEAT RECEPTORS 60
REFERENCES 63
CHAPTER 5. SENSITIZATION OF NOCICEPTORS BY 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE IN MAN 66
INTRODUCTORY CLINICAL REMARKS: SPONTANEOUS AND EXPERIMENTAL "VASCULAR PAIN" 66
OCCASIONS FOR THE LIBERATION OF 5HT IN MAN 69
SEROTONIN RECEPTORS IN HUMAN VEINS 70
5HT HYPERALGESIA IN OTHER AREAS OF THE BODY 76
5HT HYPERALGESIA AND ALGOGENIC ACTION OF PYROGENS 78
POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS OF 5HT IN CLINICAL PAINS 83
COMMENT 88
SUMMARY 92
REFERENCES 93
CHAPTER 6. THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF SEROTONIN IN AFFECTIVE COMPONENT OF PAIN BEHAVIOURAL REACTION IN THE RAT 96
PHARMACOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PAIN TRANSMISSION 99
PHARMACOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PAIN BEHAVIOURAL REACTIONS 104
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 104
REFERENCES 108
CHAPTER 7. THE USE OF PAIN INDUCED FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT FOR ASSESSING ANALGESIC ACTION 110
METHOD 110
ACTION OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID ON PAIN INDUCED FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT 113
ACTION OF OTHER ANALGESIC AGENTS 114
ACTION OF CNS STIMULANT AND DEPRESSANT DRUGS ON PAIN INDUCED FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT 114
INFLUENCE OF CNS STIMULANT AND DEPRESSANT DRUGS ON ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID ACTION 115
COMMENTS 118
REFERENCES 119
CHAPTER 8. THE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF ANALGESICS AND ANALGESIC ANTAGONISTS 122
ANALGESIC MIXTURES 122
"APC" VERSUS ASPIRIN ALONE 123
PHENACETIN ACTIVITY NOT DEPENDENT ON ITS METABOLITE 126
NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS AS ANALGESICS 127
THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS 127
REFERENCES 128
CHAPTER 9. SOME BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS OF HUMAN PAIN 130
PAIN RESPONSE PARAMETERS: PAIN THRESHOLD AND PAIN TOLERANCE 130
NADEQUACY OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PAIN CONCEPTS 132
RESPONSE PARAMETERS DEPEND UPON SITE AND MODE OF ACTION OF ANALGESIC 133
TWO NEW METHODS OF ANALGESIC EVALUATION 134
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OF ANALGESIC TESTS IN MAN 136
REFERENCES 138
CHAPTER 10. CENTRAL NERVOUS MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN PAIN AND ANALGESIA 140
I. CLASSICAL KNOWLEDGE ON PAIN SENSATIONS AND THE CONDUCTION OF THE CORRESPONDING MESSAGES IN PERIPHERAL NERVES 140
II. ANATOMO-PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SOMATIC AFFERENT PATHWAYS 144
III. PATHWAYS AND CENTRAL STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN CONSCIOUS PERCEPTION OF NOCICEPTIVE MESSAGES 157
CONCLUDING REMARKS 164
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 172
REFERENCES 172
CHAPTER 11. NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF PAIN AND ANALGESIA 178
THE "PAIN" RECEPTORS 178
SITE AND MODE OF ACTION OF ANALGESIC AGENTS 186
DISPERSION OF SOMESTHETIC PATHWAYS IN THE BRAIN STEM 197
CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL MECHANISMS OF SENSITIZATION AND DISINHIBITION 203
CENTRAL NON-NARCOTIC ANTI-APPETITE ANALGESICS THAT ACT THROUGH INHIBITION? 205
CHEMICAL MEDIATION AND RECIPROCAL INNERVATION IN THE CENTRAL "PAIN" PATHWAYS 206
THE NATURE OF THE PAIN RESPONSE 209
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 213
REFERENCES 214
CHAPTER 12. INTERRELATIONSHIP OF CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL PAIN SYSTEMS 228
DICHOTOMY OF CENTRAL PAIN TRACTS (CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL) 228
CORTICAL PAIN TRACT AND THE VENTROPOSTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEUS (V.c.pc) 228
MEDIAL SUBCORTICAL TRACT AND LIMITANS AND INTRALAMINAR NUCLEI 233
REFERENCES 237
CHAPTER 13. INTERACTION OF FAST- AND SLOW-CONDUCTING FIBER SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN PAIN AND ANALGESIA 240
THE NEED FOR A NEW THEORY 240
GATE CONTROL THEORY OF PAIN 242
THE MOTIVATIONAL DIMENSION OF PAIN 246
REFERENCES 249
INDEX 252