Introduction to the Optics of the Eye

Geometrical Optics; Refraction; Objects and Images; The Gauss Equation; Refractive Surfaces and Ray Diagrams; Thin Lenses, Focal Lengths and Powers of Multiple Thin or Thick Lens Systems; Reflection; The Equivalent Lens System; Stops; Depth of Field and Focus; Axial Astigmatism; Aberrations; Physical Optics; Classical Theory; The Quantum Nature of Light; Transmission of Light by Matter; Common Sources of Light; Polarization; Interference; Diffraction; Wavefront Aberration; Basic Optics of the Eye; General Description of Ocular Optics; Schematic Eyes; Axes and Angles of the Eye; Purkinje Images; Light and the Eye; Aberrations of the Eye; The Retinal Image; Retinal Image Size; Retinal Illumination; Retinal Image Quality; Retinal Blur; Depth of Field and Focus; Entoptic Images; Ocular Biometry; Keratometry; Keratoscopy; Pachometry; Phakometry; Ultrasonography; Pupillometry; Optics of Refractive Error Management; Myopia; Hyperopia; Astigmatism; Lens Effectivity; Back Vertex Power; Spectacle Magnification; Refractive Surgery; Methods of Measuring Refractive Errors; Retinoscopy; Basic Subjective Optometers; Objective Autorefractors; Photorefraction; Standard Subjective Refraction; Subjective Autorefractors; Validity and Reliability of Methods of Refraction; Development of Refractive Error; Relation of the Optical Components of the Eye to Refractive Error; Epidemiology of Spherical Refractive Errors; Changes in Spherical Refractive Error During the Life Span; Prevalence and Changes in Astigmatism; Emmetropization; The Etiology Of Refractive Error; Implications for Refractive Error Control; Ocular Accommodation; Mechanism of Accommodation; Effective Stimuli; Punctum Proximum and Amplitude of Accommodation; Effect of Age on Amplitude of Accommodation; Accommodative Response; Clinical Measures of Accommodation; Accommodation with Spectacles and Contact Lenses; Developments in Visual Optics and Some of the People Who Made Them Possible; Image Formation by the Eye; Spectacles; Astigmatism; Accommodation; Optics of the Eye and Patient Care; Biographical Sketches