Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks

*SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL CONCEPTS*1. History* Continuous peripheral nerve blocks: upper limb* Continuous peripheral nerve blocks: lower limb* Continuous peripheral nerve blocks: upper and lower limb for pediatric patients* Continuous peripheral nerve blocks: upper and lower limb for outpatients*2. General concepts and indications* Introduction* Acute postoperative pain in orthopedic patients* Intrinsic factors* Preoperative clinical conditions* Concomitant preoperative therapy* Extrinsic factors* Techniques for continuous infusions:* Indications* Continuous infusion for total arthroplasty* Shoulder arthroplasty* Knee arthroplasty* Femoral block* Lumbar plexus block* Hip arthroplasty* Ankle arthroplasty* Elbow reconstruction* Continuous infusion for trauma patients* Upper limb* Lower limb* Acetabular fracture* Hip fracture* Femur fractures* Patella repair* Fracture of tibial plateau* Tibial fracture* Ankle and calcaneous fracture* Continuous infusion for amputations* Continuous perineural and intraarticular infusion for outpatients* Conclusions*3. Complications* Complications of perineural catheterization*Suggested readings*SECTION 2 - EQUIPMENT AND DRUGS*4. Local Anesthetics* Nerve roots anatomy and classification* Chemical and physical properties* Clinical properties* Additives * Vasoconstrictors* Alcalinization* Alpha-2 agonists* Opioids * Toxicity * Clinical use * Induction of nerve blockade* Postoperative analgesia*5. Equipment* Catheters* Type of catheter* Catheter fixation* Infusion systems* In-patientsOut-patients*Suggested readings*SECTION 3 - TECHNIQUES*6. Brachial plexus block* Anatomy * Continuous interscalene block* Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips * Continuous Alemanno's supraclavicular block* Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips* Continuous infraclavicular block* Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips* Continuous axillary block* Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips*7. Lumbar plexus and femoral nerve* Anatomy * Continuous lumbar plexus block * Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips* Continuous femoral nerve block * Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips*8. Sacral plexus and sciatic nerve* Anatomy * Continuous parasacral block * Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips* Continuous subgluteus sciatic nerve block * Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips* Continuous anterior sciatic nerve block * Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips* Continuous high lateral sciatic nerve block * Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips* Continuous lateral sciatic nerve block at the popliteal fossa* Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips* Continuous posterior sciatic nerve block at the popliteal fossa* Landmarks* Technique* Indications* Tips*9. Continuous wound infusion* Abdominal surgery* Indication* Orthopedic surgery* Indication* Tips *10. Continuous peripheral nerve block for children* General concepts* Indications* Technical considerations* Anesthetic solutions* Pain assessment* Complications* Practical considerations* Medico-legal aspects*Suggested readings