GI Epidemiology

Nicholas J. Talley, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia G. Richard Locke III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA Paul Moayyedi, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Joe West, Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Alexander C. Ford, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK Yuri A. Saito, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA

Contributors, viii

Foreword, xiv

Preface, xv

About the companion website, xvi

Part 1: Gastrointestinal Diseases and Disorders: The Public Health Perspective

1 The Burden of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Around the World, 3
Hannah P. Kim, Seth D. Crockett, & Nicholas J. Shaheen

Part 2: How to Critically Read the Gastrointestinal Epidemiology Literature

Introduction and Overview, 17
Joe West

2 How to Read a Cohort Study, 18
Laila J. Tata

3 How to Read a Case-Control Study, 30
Joe West, Laila J. Tata, & Timothy R. Card

4 How to Read a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, 39
Matthew J. Grainge

5 How to Read a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 48
Alexander C. Ford & Paul Moayyedi

6 How to Decide if Any of This Matters, 58
Kate M. Fleming & Timothy R. Card

Part 3: How to Do Clinical Research in GI

7 How to Develop and Validate a GI Questionnaire, 67
Enrique Rey & G. Richard Locke III

8 How to Do Population-Based Studies and Survey Research, 75
Sanjiv Mahadeva & Hematram Yadav

9 How to Find and Apply Large Databases for Epidemiologic Research, 83
Jonas F. Ludvigsson, Joe West, Jessica A. Davila, Timothy R. Card, & Hashem B. El-Serag

10 How to Do Genetic and Molecular Epidemiologic Research, 98
Yuri A. Saito

11 Diagnostic Studies, 106
Paul Moayyedi

12 Randomized Controlled Trials, 113
Paul Moayyedi & Richard H. Hunt

Part 4: Epidemiology of Major GI Diseases

13 Epidemiology of GERD, Barrett’s Esophagus and Esophageal Cancer, 121
David Armstrong

14 Epidemiology of Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Peptic Ulcer Disease and
Gastric Cancer, 135
Grigorios I. Leontiadis & Olof Nyr´en

15 Epidemiology of Dyspepsia, 158
Alexander C. Ford & Nicholas J. Talley

16 Epidemiology of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding, 172
Colin J. Crooks, Joseph Sung, & Timothy R. Card

17 Epidemiology of Celiac Disease, 185
Alberto Rubio-Tapia, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, & Joseph A. Murray

18 Measuring Utilization of Endoscopy in Clinical Practice, 196
Frances Tse & Alan Barkun

19 Epidemiology of Colorectal Carcinoma, 213
Harminder Singh, Joselito M. Montalban, & Salaheddin Mahmud

20 Epidemiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 222
Rok Seon Choung & Yuri A. Saito

21 Epidemiology of Constipation, 235
Brian E. Lacy & John M. Levenick

22 Epidemiology of Diverticular Disease, 249
Robin Spiller & David Humes

23 Epidemiology of Infectious Diarrhea, 262
Christina M. Surawicz & Crenguta Stepan

24 Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, 273
Edward V. Loftus, Jr.

25 Epidemiology of Fecal Incontinence, 285
Adil E. Bharucha

26 Epidemiology of Gallstones and Biliary Tract Cancers, 296
Guy D. Eslick & Eldon A. Shaffer

27 Epidemiology of Pancreatitis, 306
Dhiraj Yadav, Santhi Swaroop Vege, & Suresh T. Chari

28 Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer, 313
Aravind Sugumar & Santhi Swaroop Vege

29 Epidemiology of Hepatitis B and C in the United States, 322
Sumeet K. Asrani & W. Ray Kim

30 Epidemiology of Alcoholic Liver Disease, 332
Sumeet K. Asrani & William Sanchez

31 Epidemiology of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, 344
Joe West & Guruprasad P. Aithal

32 Epidemiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), 357
Guruprasad P. Aithal, Kshaunish Das, & Abhijit Chowdhury

33 Epidemiology of Common Tropical GI Diseases, 373
Magnus Halland, Rodney Givney, & Anne Duggan

34 Nutritional Epidemiology and GI Cancers, 383
Linda E. Kelemen & Ilona Csizmadi

35 The Epidemiology of Obesity Among Adults, 394
Cynthia L. Ogden, Brian K. Kit, Tala H.I. Fakhouri, Margaret D. Carroll, & Katherine M. Flegal

Index 405