Dentist's Drug and Prescription Guide (eBook)

Mea Weinberg, DMD, MSD, RPh, is a practicing periodontist andlicensed pharmacist, giving her a unique position in the fields ofdentistry and pharmacology. She is a clinical associate professorof Periodontology and Implantology at New York University. Stuart J. Froum, DDS is a Diplomate of the American Board ofPeriodontology, Clinical Professor and Director of ClinicalResearch at the Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry,New York University Krieser Dental Center. He maintains a PrivatePractice limited to Periodontics and Implant Dentistry in New YorkCity. He has lectured nationally and internationally, hasauthored over 100 published research articles, and authored andcontributed to five books related to periodontics and implantdentistry. He is the editor of the book "Dental ImplantComplications: Etiology, Prevention and Treatment". Dr. Froumis President Elect of the American Academy of Periodontology.

The Dentist’s Drug and Prescription Guide 5
Copyright 6
Contents 9
Preface 13
Contributors 15
1 Introduction to pharmacology 17
I. Definition of terms 17
II. Pharmacokinetics 19
III. Pharmacodynamics 22
2 The prescription and drug names 25
I. Parts of a prescription 25
II. Generic substitution 26
III. Controlled drugs 27
IV. Principles of prescription writing 29
V. How to avoid prescription errors 35
3 Drug dosing 39
I. Basic principles of drug dosing 39
II. Pediatric patient 42
a. Penicillin VK oral suspension 43
b. How is the dose calculated if the child could swallow tablets? 43
Penicillin VK tablets 43
c. If amoxicillin were to be prescribed 44
Amoxicillin oral suspension 44
Amoxicillin chewable tablets 44
Amoxicillin capsules 45
d. Azithromycin 46
Oral suspension 46
Azithromycin tablets 46
e. Clindamycin 46
Clindamycin oral solution 46
Clindamycin capsules 46
III. Pregnant and nursing patients 47
IV. Elderly patient 51
V. Renal-impaired patient 51
VI. Hepatic-impaired patient 53
4 Formulary sections 57
I. Antimicrobials, systemic 57
a. General considerations 57
b. Antibiotics 61
Beta-lactam antibiotics 61
Cephalosporins 64
Erythromycins 65
Lincomycins 68
Metronidazole 69
Tetracyclines 70
Fluoroquinolones 72
c. Specific instructions for taking antibiotics 74
II. Antimicrobials, local 75
a. Chlorhexidine gluconate 75
b. Other mouthrinses and periodontal health products 79
III. Controlled-release drug delivery 80
IV. Antivirals/antifungal agents 81
a. Antiviral agents 81
b. Antifungal agents 84
V. Prescribing for pain control 88
a. General considerations 88
b. Aspirin 88
c. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 90
d. Acetaminophen 96
e. Narcotic (opioid) analgesics 99
f. Management plan for acute dental pain 106
VI. Moderate sedation 110
a. Benzodiazepines 111
b. Other agents 112
VII. Glucocorticosteroids 113
a. Topical glucocorticosteroids 113
b. Other nonsteroidal topical agents used in the management of oral lesions 116
c. Systemic corticosteroids 116
5 How to manage potential drug interactions 121
I. Introduction to drug interactions 121
II. Antibiotic-drug interactions in dentistry 126
III. Analgesic-drug interactions in dentistry 132
IV. Sympathomimetic agents and drug interactions in dentistry 135
V. Anti-anxiety drug interactions in dentistry 138
6 Evidence-based theory for drug prescribing 141
I. General considerations 141
II. Prescribing for inflammatory periodontal diseases and periodontal surgical procedures 143
a. Gingivitis 143
b. Chronic periodontitis 143
c. Ulcerative periodontal diseases 145
d. Refractory and recurrent periodontitis 146
e. Aggressive periodontitis 147
f. Periodontal therapy 148
Periodontal flap surgery: pocket reduction 148
Bone/bone substitutes grafting procedures 149
Periodontal regenerative surgery: Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) 150
III. Prescribing for dental implant surgery 151
a. Prescribing for sinus floor elevation surgery 152
IV. Prescribing for oral surgery 155
V. Prescribing for odontogenic infections 155
a. Prescribing for endodontic abscess 156
b. Prescribing for periodontal abscess 161
7 Management of the medically compromised dental patient 165
I. American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis 165
a. Prevention of infective endocarditis: Antibiotic prophylaxis for the dental patient 165
II. Antibiotic prophylaxis for total joint replacement 168
III. Cardiovascular diseases 171
a. Hypertension 171
b. Angina and other ischemic cardiac conditions 178
c. Congestive heart failure 179
d. Patient on low-dose aspirin and other antiplatelet drugs 179
e. Anticoagulated patient (patient taking warfarin or heparin) 184
f. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) 187
g. Myocardial infarction 187
h. Cardiac arrhythmias 188
i. Valvular heart disease 188
IV. Pregnant and postpartum patient 190
V. Adrenal suppression and thyroid disease 191
VI. Asthma 192
VII. Diabetes mellitus 194
VIII. Psychiatric/neurological disorders 196
IX. Organ transplant 197
X. Liver disease 202
XI. Chronic kidney disease 203
XII. Recreational and illicit drugs 205
XIII. Bisphosphonates 207
XIV. Tuberculosis 213
XV. Bariatric surgery 214
XVI. Pheochromocytoma 216
8 Herbal and natural remedies 221
I. Herbal–drug interactions 221
II. Implications in dentistry 222
Appendix 1 225
Smoking cessation therapy 225
Appendix 2 231
Oral manifestation of drugs 231
Appendix 3 235
American Heart Association antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines 235
Appendix 4 237
List of tables 237
Appendix 5 239
Pharmacology pearls in dental practice 239
Appendix 6 241
Dental drug formulary 241
Analgesics 241
Non-narcotics 241
Narcotics 241
Antibiotics 241
Penicillins 241
Erythromycins 241
Lincomycins 242
Tetracyclines 242
Fluoroquinolones 242
Others 242
Topical antimicrobials 242
Antifungal agents 242
Antiviral agents 242
Index 243

"This is a great reference to have on hand for dentalpractitioners and for those who will be providing oral healthcareto a diverse patient population. The authors have effectivelyorganized the book into a guide that is simple to follow whilemaking pharmacology and prescribing medications across theformulary an easy exercise. I have used a number of clinicalpharmacology books for dental practice, and this ranks highly asone that is up-to-date and very user-friendly." (Doody's, 8 November 2013)