Articulation and Phonological Disorders

Dr. John Bernthal is professor emeritus of Special Education and Communication Sciences and Disorders at the University of Nebraska—Lincoln. He has been a speech-language pathologist for over forty years, including employment in the public schools, at several universities, and professor and department chair for over thirty years. He conducted research, taught and published in the area of speech sounds disorders.   He is a past president of the American Speech Language Hearing Association, an ASHA Fellow, and recipient of Honors of the Association.   Dr. Nicholas Bankson is a professor emeritus at James Madison University. He has had a forty year career as a speech-language pathologist, including employment in the public schools, serving as the state supervisor of school programs in Kansas, plus twenty-seven years as a department chair in Communication Sciences and Disorders at Boston University and James Madison University. His scholarly efforts have focused on speech sound disorders and the assessment of language disorders in children. He is an ASHA Fellow, and a recipient ASHA’s Honors of the Association award.   Dr. Peter Flipsen Jr., is a professor of Speech-Language Pathology at Idaho State University. He has more than twenty years of experience in the field as a clinician, teacher, and researcher. He teaches courses in phonetics and speech sound disorders in children and has published more than twenty peer-reviewed journal articles in the field. His research has focused on the classification of speech sound disorders, measurement of intelligibility of speech, and speech and language development in children with cochlear implants. 

1.     Introduction to the Study of Speech Sound Disorders

        By Nicholas W. Bankson, John E. Bernthal, and Peter Flipsen Jr.

 

2.      Normal Aspects of Articulation

         By Ray Kent

            Structure of Language

            Fundamentals of Articulatory Phonetics

            Coarticulation: Interactions among Sounds in Context

            Aerodynamic Considerations in Speech Production

            Acoustic Considerations of Speech

            Sensory Information in Speech Production

            Summary of Levels of Organization of Speech

            Concluding Note on Implications for Speech Acquisition

            Questions for Chapter 2

 

3.      Speech Sound Acquisition

         By Sharynne McLeod

            Relevance of Understanding Typical Speech Sound Acquisition for SLPs

            Models of Speech Acquisition

            How Speech Acquisition Data Are Obtained

            Overall Sequence of Speech Sound Acquisition

            Phase 1: Laying the Foundations for Speech

            Phase 2: Transitioning from Words to Speech

            Phase 3: The Growth of the Inventory

            Phase 4: Mastery of Speech and Literacy

            Conclusion: Understanding and Applying Typical Speech Acquisition

            Questions for Chapter 3

 

4.      Classification and Comorbidity in Speech Sound Disorders

         By Peter Flipsen Jr., John E. Bernthal, and Nicholas W. Bankson

            Organically-Based Speech Sound Disorders

            Childhood Apraxia of Speech

            Speech Sound Disorders of Unknown Origin

            Summary of Classification

            Comorbidity

            Conclusion

            Questions for Chapter 4

 

5.     Factors Related to Speech Sound Disorders

        By Peter Flipsen Jr., Nicholas W. Bankson, and John E. Bernthal

            Structure and Function of the Speech and Hearing Mechanism

            Motor Abilities

            Cognitive-Linguistic Factors

            Psychosocial Factors

            Conclusion

            Questions for Chapter 5

 

6.      Phonological Assessment Procedures

         By Nicholas W. Bankson, John E. Bernthal, and Peter Flipsen Jr.

            Speech Sound Sampling

            Screening for Speech Sound Disorders

            Comprehensive Speech Sound Assessment: The Assessment Battery

            Related Assessment Procedures

            Questions for Chapter 6

 

7.     Determining the Need for Intervention and Target Selection

        By John E. Bernthal, Nicholas W. Bankson, and Peter Flipsen Jr.

           Case Selection

           Target Speech Sound Selection

           Other Factors to Consider in Case Selection: Intervention Decisions

           Computer Assisted Phonological Analysis

           Case Study

           Questions for Chapter 7

 

8.      Remediation Procedures

         By Nicholas W. Bankson, John E. Bernthal, and Peter Flipsen Jr.

            Basic Considerations

            Making Progress in Therapy: Measuring Clinical Change

            Facilitation of Generalization

            Questions for Chapter 8

 

9.      Motor-Based Treatment Approaches

         By Peter Flipsen Jr., John E. Bernthal, and Nicholas W. Bankson

            Approaches to Intervention

            The Published Evidence

            Treatment Continuum

            Motor Learning Principles

            Teaching Sounds

            Beyond Teaching Sounds

            Remediation Guidelines for Motor Approaches

            Core Vocabulary Approach

            The Use of Non-Speech Oral-Motor Activities

            Intervention for Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech

            Case Study Revisited: Motor Perspective

            Questions for Chapter 9

 

10.  Linguistically-Based Treatment Approaches

        By Peter Flipsen Jr., Nicholas W. Bankson, and John E. Bernthal

            Minimal Pair Contrast Therapy

            Cycles Approach

            Broader-Based Language Approaches

            Remediation Guidelines for Linguistically-Based Approaches

            Case Study Revisited: Linguistic Perspective

            Questions for Chapter 10

 

11.  Language and Dialectal Variations

       By Brian Goldstein and Aquiles Iglesias

            Dialect

            Characteristics of American English Dialects

            Phonology in Speakers of Language Varieties Other than English

            Phonological Development in Bilingual Children

            Assessment Considerations for Children from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations

            Intervention for Speech Sound Disorders in Children from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations

            Summary

            Questions for Chapter 11

 

12.  Phonological Awareness: Description, Assessment, and Intervention

       By Laura M. Justice, Gail T. Gillon, Brigid C. McNeill, and C. Melanie Schuele

            What is Phonological Awareness?

            Phonological Awareness as Literacy Development

            The Development of Phonological Awareness

            Phonological Awareness Development and Reading

            Phonological Awareness and Speech Sound Disorders

            The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist

            Assessment

            Intervention

            Phonological Awareness Experiences for Preschool Children at Preschool and at Home

            Questions for Chapter 12

 

References

Appendix A 

Appendix B 

Author Index

Subject Index