Blood Coagulation (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Blood Coagulation 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Preface 6
Chapter 1. Blood coagulation as a part of the haemostatic system 14
1. Introduction. 14
2. The evolution of the haemostatic system 14
3. The human haemostatic system 16
4. The coagulation cascade 20
References 24
Chapter 2A. Nonenzymatic cofactors: factor V 28
1. Early history 28
2. Factor V biosynthesis 29
3. Factor V structure 30
4. Proteolytic cleavages of the factor V molecule 31
5.Homologies of factor V and factor VIII 33
6. Factor V/factor Va metal and lipid interactions 35
7. Factor Va binding to factor Xav prothrombin and activated protein C 37
8. Factor Va-related complex interaction on natural membrane surfaces 38
10. Prothrombinase activity 42
11.The cell membrane receptor for factor Va 44
12. Concluding remarks 45
References 45
Chapter 2B. Nonenzymatic cofactors: factor Vlll 48
1. Introduction 48
2. Biochemistry 51
3. Gene cloning 55
4. Immunological aspects 58
5. Function 59
6. Biosynthesis and metabolism 64
7. Comparison with factor V 65
8. Relationship with von Willebrand factor 66
9. Conclusion 67
Acknowledgements 67
References 68
Chapter 3. Multicomponent enzyme complexes of blood coagulation 72
1. Introduction 72
2. Mechanism of zymogen activation by serine proteases 73
3. Activation of zymogens of blood coagulation factors 73
4. Activation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors 76
5. Contact activation reactions 88
6. Concluding remarks 93
References 94
Chapter 4. The role of vitamin K in the posttranslational modification of proteins 100
1. Introduction 100
2. The secretion of proteins 101
3. The carboxylation of glutamic acid residues 103
4. Occurrence of carboxylase 105
5. Purification of carboxylase 107
6. The mechanism of the carboxylation reaction 108
7. Nutritional aspects of vitamin K 111
Acknowledgements 112
References 112
Chapter 5A. lnitiation mechanisms: The contact activation system in plasma 116
1. Introduction 116
2. Structure - function relationship of components of the contact activation mechanism 117
3. Roles of negatively charged surfaces 125
4. The role of the contact activation mechanism in the intrinsic fibrinolytic system 129
5. Regulation by inhibitors 131
Acknowledgements 136
References 137
Chapter 5B. lnitiation mechanisms: Activation induced by thromboplastin 142
1. Introduction 142
2. The biochemistry of thromboplastin 142
3. The localization of thromboplastin and its availability 143
4. Role of thromboplastin in pathology 145
5. Factor VII 146
6. The activity state of factor VII and its potency to trigger clotting 147
7. The function of factor VII–thromboplastin complex 149
8. Factor VII association with blood cells and its potency in triggering clotting 150
References 151
Chapter 6. Platelets and coagulation 154
1. Introduction 154
2. Structural and functional aspects of platelets 154
3. Prothrombin- and factor X-converting activities of platelets 161
4. Membrane phenomena in relation to platelet procoagulant activity 168
References 179
Chapter 7. Fibrinogen. fibrin and factor XllI 184
1. Fibrinogen and fibrin 184
2. Factor XIII 227
References 243
Chapter 8. Fibrinolysis and thrombolysis 256
1. Introduction 256
2. Main components of the fibrinolyt system 256
3. Mechanism of physiological fibrinolysis 263
4. Thrombolytic properties of tissue-type plasminogen activator 264
5. Thrombolytic effect of pro-urokinase 267
References 268
Chapter 9A. Inhibitors: antithrombin Ill and heparin 272
1. Introduction. 272
2. Antithrombin III–protease interaction 274
3. Heparin structure and function 278
4. Heparin - antithrombin III interaction 279
5. Kinetic mechanisms of action of heparin 282
6. Heparin cofactor II 289
References 291
Chapter 9B. Inhibitors: protein C 298
1. Introduction 298
2. Purification of protein C 298
3. Structure of protein C 299
4. Activation of protein C 303
5. Function of protein C as an anticoagulant 307
6. Protein S, a cofactor to activated protein C 309
7. A protease inhibitor for activated protein C 310
8. Protein C and fibrinolysis 311
9. Determination of the plasma concentration of protein C 312
10. Concluding remarks 315
References 315
Chapter 10 Interplay between medicine and biochemistry 320
Subject Index 326