The Parvoviruses

1 Adeno-Associated Virus DNA Structure and Replication.- I. AAV DNA Structure.- II. Replication of AAV.- A. Productive DNA Replication.- B. Abortive DNA Replication.- C. Replication in the Absence of Helper Functions.- D. Replication of Cloned AAV DNA.- III. A Model for AAV DNA Replication.- IV. Host and Viral Proteins Required for AAV DNA Replication.- V. Conclusion.- References.- 2 Biology of Adeno-Associated Virus.- I. Introduction.- II. Association with Adenovirus.- III. Host Range.- IV. Experimental Infection in Utero.- V. Latent Infection.- A. Latent Infection in Vivo.- B. Latent Infection in Vitro.- C. Rescue of AAV DNA Cloned in pBR322.- D. Outstanding Questions.- VI. Inhibition of Adenovirus Oncogenicity.- A. Adenovirus Oncogenicity.- B. Inhibition in Vivo.- C Inhibition of Cellular Transformation.- D. Significance.- VII. Interactions with Herpesviruses.- A. Complementation of AAV by Herpesvirus.- B. Herpesvirus Oncogenicity and AAV.- References.- 3 Adeno-Associated Virus Defectiveness and the Nature of the Adenovirus Helper Function.- I. Introduction.- II. Biological Background.- III. Definition of the Helper Function.- IV. Genome Structure and Growth Cycle of AAV.- A. AAV Genome Structure.- B. Kinetics of Macromolecular Synthesis.- C. Biochemistry of AAV Replication.- D. Possible Sites of Action of Helper Functions in the AAV Growth Cycle.- V. Genome Structure and Growth Cycle of Adenovirus.- VI. Role of Specific Adenovirus Genes in AAV Helper Function.- A. AAV Helper Function of Adenovirus Mutants.- B. Analysis of Helper Function by Microinjection or Transfection of Adenovirus DNA or RNA.- C. Helper Function Involvement of Specific Adenovirus Early Gene Regions.- VII. Growth of AAV in Transformed Cells and Inhibition of Adenovirus Functions.- VIII. Summary.- References.- 4 Autonomous Parvovirus DNA Structure and Replication.- I. DNA Structure.- A. Virion DNA.- B. Replicative Forms.- C. Defective Genomes.- II. DNA Replication.- A. In Vivo Replication.- B. In Vitro Replication.- III. Model for DNA Replication.- References.- 5 Parvovirus Transcription.- I. Introduction.- II. Methods for Study of Transcription.- III. RNA Synthesis and the Virus Growth Cycle.- IV. DNA Genome Orientation and RNA Strand Specificity.- V. In Vivo Transcription. RNA Structure and Genome Location.- A. Structure of AAV RNA Synthesized in Vivo.- B. Structure of Autonomous Parvovirus RNA Synthesized in Vivo.- VI. In Vitro Synthesis of Parvovirus RNA.- VII. Promoter Structures.- VIII. Post-transcriptional Modification.- A. RNA Stability.- B. Methylation.- C. Polyadenylation.- D. RNA Splicing.- IX. Control of RNA Abundance.- X. Coding Potential of Parvovirus mRNA.- XI. Summary.- References.- 6 Variant and Defective Interfering Parvoviruses.- I. Introduction.- II. Nomenclature.- III. Detection of Variant Parvoviruses.- IV. Physical Properties of Variant Particles.- V. Physical Structure of Variant DNA.- A. Encapsidated AAV DNA.- B. Intracellular AAV DNA.- C. Encapsidated MVM DNA.- D. Intracellular MVM DNA.- E. Intracellular H-1 DNA.- VI. In Vitro Construction of Variant Genomes.- VII. In Vivo Generation and Replication of Variants.- A. Generation of Variant DNA.- B. Effect of Passage Level, Host Cell, or Helper Virus.- C. Replication of Variant DNA.- D. Growth Cycle Parameters.- VIII. Interfering Properties of Variants.- A. Viral Interference.- B. Defective Interfering Particles.- C. Interference by DI Particles.- D. Interfering Properties of AAV Variants.- E. Interfering Properties of H-1 Variants.- F. Interfering Properties of LuIII Variants.- G. DI Particles and Persistent Infection.- IX. Mechanism of Interference.- X. Biological Inferences.- References.- 7 Parvovirus Proteins.- I. Introduction.- II. Adenovirus-Associated Virus.- A. Composition of the Capsid.- B. Relationships among the Structural Proteins.- C. Protein Biosynthesis.- D. Nonstructural Proteins.- E. Assembly and Protein Modification.- III. Aleutian Disease Virus.- A. Composition and Properties of the Capsid.- B. Synthesis of Viral Antigen.- IV. Bovine Parvovirus.- A. Properties and Composition of the Virus.- B. Replication of Bovine Parvovirus.- V. Canine Parvovirus.- VI. Densonucleosis Virus.- A. Biophysical Properties.- B. Structural Proteins.- VII. Feline Panleukopenia Virus.- VIII. H-1 Parvovirus.- A. Composition of the Virion.- B. Viral Replication.- IX. LuIII Virus.- X. Minute Virus of Mice.- XI. Porcine Parvovirus.- XII. Rabbit Parvovirus.- XIII. Rat Virus.- XIV. Discussion.- References.- 8 Biology of Pathogenicity of Autonomous Parvoviruses.- I. Introduction.- A. History of Isolation.- B. Host Range of Parvoviruses.- II. Antigenic Structure and Serologic Relationship.- A. Hemagglutination and Hemadsorption.- B. Hemagglutination Inhibition.- C. Serum Neutralization.- D Immunofluorescent Studies.- E. Complement Fixation and Further Serologic Techniques.- III. Propagation and Assay Systems.- A. Dependence of Viral Replication on Cell Physiologic State.- B. Host Cell Range and Cultivation.- C. Cytopathology.- D. Persistently Infected Cell Cultures.- E. Assay Systems.- IV. Pathogenesis.- A. Natural and Experimental Host Range.- B. Transmission.- C. The Spectrum of Disease.- D. Persistent, Clinically Inapparent Infection.- E. Parvovirus Infections and Cancer.- F. Factors Influencing Pathogenicity.- References.- 9 Canine Parvovirus: Origin and Significance of a "New" Pathogen.- I. Introduction.- II. The Virus.- A. Physicochemical Characteristics.- B. Biological Properties.- C. Restriction Endonuclease Cleavage Site Analysis of the Viral Genome.- III. The Disease.- A. Enteritis and Panleukopenia.- B. Myocarditis.- C. Immunity, Antibody Prevalence and Manifestation of Infection.- IV. The Origin of CPV.- V. Conclusions.- References.- Addendum The Human Parvovirus.- I. A Ubiquitous Virus Associated with Erythema Infectiosum?.- References.