Disentangling Participation (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 7
Chapter-1 9
Introduction 9
1.1 About Participation in Design 11
1.2 About Power and Decision-Making in Design 14
1.3 The Cases 15
1.4 Overview of the book 17
References 18
Chapter-2 21
Decision-Making in Design 21
2.1 About Decision Making 21
2.2 Making Choices 23
2.3 The Role of Imagination 24
2.4 Decision-Making in PD 27
2.5 Summary 29
References 29
Chapter-3 31
The Cases 31
3.1 Collaborative Urban Planning 32
3.1.1 The ‘Umbrella’ of a European Research Project 32
3.1.2 IPCity in Brief 33
3.2 Collaborative Symptom Assessment 38
3.2.1 Sisom: The Idea 38
3.2.2 Sisom in Brief 39
3.2.2.1 Evidence-Based Collection of Symptoms 40
3.2.2.2 Participatory Design of the User Interface 40
3.2.2.3 Games as Genre 41
3.2.2.4 Drawing the User Interface 42
3.2.2.5 Children’s Categorization of Symptoms 43
3.2.2.6 Prototyping in a Real Life Setting 43
3.2.2.7 User Testing 45
3.3 Summary 46
References 46
Chapter-4 47
Kinds of Decisions 47
4.1 Kinds of Decisions: The Case of Urban Planning 47
4.1.1 Decisions on Values and Concepts 48
4.1.1.1 Openness 48
4.1.1.2 Stakeholder Participation 48
4.1.1.3 Immediacy 49
4.1.1.4 Urban concepts 49
4.1.2 Decisions on How to Implement The Vision 51
4.1.2.1 Haptic Engagement: Working With Tokens 51
4.1.2.2 Tracking Framework 51
4.1.2.3 Bringing MR Outdoors 52
4.1.2.4 Panoramas as Representations of the Site 53
4.1.2.5 Developing a ‘New’ Visual Language 54
4.1.2.6 Working with Sound 56
4.1.3 Decisions Requiring Negotiations with the Outside World 57
4.2 Kinds of Decisions: The Case of Collaborative Symptom Assessment 58
4.2.1 Decisions on Values and Concepts 58
4.2.1.1 A Tool for the Doctor-Patient Meeting 58
4.2.1.2 Translation 59
4.2.1.3 Evidence-Based 59
4.2.2 Decisions on How to Implement the Vision 60
4.2.2.1 Vocabulary 60
4.2.2.2 Navigation mechanisms 60
4.2.2.3 Representation 61
4.2.3 Decisions Requiring Negotiation With the Outside World 61
4.3 Summary 62
References 63
Chapter-5 64
Streams of Decisions 64
5.1 Decision Linkages 64
5.2 Handling Streams of Interrelated Issues 65
5.3 Decisions and Nondecisions 69
5.4 Nondecisions in a PD Project 70
5.5 Summary 71
References 72
Chapter-6 73
Power, Influence, Trust and Loyalty 73
6.1 Power in Organizations 75
6.2 How much and What Kinds of Power? 78
6.2.1 The Influence of Structural Arrangements 78
6.2.2 The ‘power players’ 80
6.2.3 Ways of Aligning Work and Different Positions 82
6.3 Power/Knowledge 84
6.3.1 The Ubiquity of Power 84
6.3.2 The Power of Competing Discourses 88
6.4 Shades of ‘power to’ 90
6.5 Summary 92
References 93
Chapter-7 96
Participation 96
7.1 What is Participation? 96
7.2 How to View Participation in PD 101
7.3 Who was Involved? 102
7.4 Participation in Different Kinds of Decisions 104
7.5 How Participatory were the Design Results? 109
7.6 Summary 111
References 113
Chapter-8 115
Conclusions 115
8.1 Looking Back at How Power was Enacted 115
8.2 Looking Back at Decision-Making 117
8.3 Looking Back at Participation 118
8.4 The Importance of a Participatory Vision 119
8.5 Disentangling Participation 121
References 122