CCNA Routing and Switching Portable Command Guide

Scott Empson is the chair of the Bachelor of Applied Information Systems Technology degree program at the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, where he teaches Cisco routing, switching, network design, and leadership courses in a variety of different programs (certificate, diploma, and applied degree) at the postsecondary level. Scott is also the program coordinator of the Cisco Networking Academy Program at NAIT, an Area Support Centre for the province of Alberta. He has a Masters of Education degree along with three undergraduate degrees: a Bachelor of Arts, with a major in English; a Bachelor of Education, again with a major in English/Language Arts; and a Bachelor of Applied Information Systems Technology, with a major in Network Management. He currently holds several industry certifications, including CCNP, CCDP, CCAI, C|EH and Network+. Before instructing at NAIT, he was a junior/senior high school English/language arts/computer science teacher at different schools throughout Northern Alberta. Scott lives in Edmonton, Alberta, with his wife, Trina, and two children, Zachariah and Shaelyn.

Introduction xx

Part I TCP/IP v4

CHAPTER 1 How to Subnet 1

Class A–E Addresses 1

Converting Between Decimal Numbers and Binary 2

Subnetting a Class C Network Using Binary 2

Subnetting a Class B Network Using Binary 5

Binary ANDing 9

  So Why AND? 10

  Shortcuts in Binary ANDing 11

The Enhanced Bob Maneuver for Subnetting (or How to Subnet Anything in Under a Minute) 12

CHAPTER 2 VLSM 15

IP Subnet Zero 15

VLSM Example 16

  Step 1 Determine How Many H Bits Will Be Needed to Satisfy the Largest Network 16

  Step 2 Pick a Subnet for the Largest Network to Use 17

  Step 3 Pick the Next Largest Network to Work With 18

  Step 4 Pick the Third Largest Network to Work With 20

  Step 5 Determine Network Numbers for Serial Links 21

CHAPTER 3 Route Summarization 25

Example for Understanding Route Summarization 25

  Step 1: Summarize Winnipeg’s Routes 26

  Step 2: Summarize Calgary’s Routes 27

  Step 3: Summarize Edmonton’s Routes 27

  Step 4: Summarize Vancouver’s Routes 28

Route Summarization and Route Flapping 30

Requirements for Route Summarization 30

Part II Introduction to Cisco Devices

CHAPTER 4 Cables and Connections 31

Connecting a Rollover Cable to Your Router or Switch 31

Using a USB Cable to Connect to Your Router or Switch 31

Terminal Settings 32

LAN Connections 33

Serial Cable Types 33

Which Cable to Use? 35

568A Versus 568B Cables 35

CHAPTER 5 The Command Line Interface 37

Shortcuts for Entering Commands 37

Using the † Key to Complete Commands 37

Console Error Messages 38

Using the Question Mark for Help 38

enable Command 39

exit Command 39

disable Command 39

logout Command 39

Setup Mode 39

Keyboard Help 40

History Commands 41

terminal Commands 41

show Commands 42

Using the Pipe Parameter (|) with the show Command 42

Part III Confi guring a Router

CHAPTER 6 Confi guring a Single Cisco Router 45

Router Modes 45

    Entering Global Configuration Mode 46

Configuring a Router Name 46

Configuring Passwords 46

Password Encryption 47

Interface Names 47

Moving Between Interfaces 50

Configuring a Serial Interface 50

Configuring a Fast Ethernet Interface 51

Configuring a Gigabit Ethernet Interface 51

Creating a Message-of-the-Day Banner 51

Creating a Login Banner 51

Setting the Clock Time Zone 52

Assigning a Local Host Name to an IP Address 52

The no ip domain-lookup Command 52

The logging synchronous Command 52

The exec-timeout Command 53

Saving Configurations 53

Erasing Configurations 53

show Commands 53

EXEC Commands in Configuration Mode: The do Command 54

Configuration Example: Basic Router Configuration 54

  Boston Router 55

Part IV Routing

CHAPTER 7 Static Routing 57

Configuring a Static Route on a Router 57

The permanent Keyword (Optional) 58

Static Routes and Administrative Distance (Optional) 58

Configuring a Default Route on a Router 59

Verifying Static Routes 59

Configuration Example: Static Routes 60

  Boston Router 60

  Buffalo Router 61

  Bangor Router 61

CHAPTER 8 EIGRP 63

Configuring Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) 63

EIGRP Auto-Summarization 65

EIGRP Manual Summarization 65

Passive EIGRP Interfaces 65

Equal-Cost Load Balancing: Maximum Paths 66

Unequal-Cost Load Balancing: Variance 66

Bandwidth Use 67

Authentication 67

Verifying EIGRP 68

Troubleshooting EIGRP 69

Configuration Example: EIGRP 69

  Austin Router 70

  Houston Router 71

CHAPTER 9 Single-Area OSPF 73

Configuring OSPF 73

Using Wildcard Masks with OSPF Areas 74

Loopback Interfaces 75

  Router ID 75

DR/BDR Elections 76

Modifying Cost Metrics 76

OSPF auto-cost reference-bandwidth 77

Authentication: Simple 77

Authentication: Using MD5 Encryption 78

Timers 78

Propagating a Default Route 78

Verifying OSPF Configuration 79

Troubleshooting OSPF 79

Configuration Example: Single Area OSPF 80

  Austin Router 80

  Houston Router 81

  Galveston Router 82

CHAPTER 10 Multi-Area OSPF 83

Configuring Multi-Area OSPF 83

Passive Interfaces 84

  Route Summarization 84

Configuration Example: Multi-Area OSPF 85

  ASBR Router 86

  ABR-1 Router 87

  ABR-2 Router 88

  Internal Router 89

Part V Switching

CHAPTER 11 Confi guring a Switch 91

Help Commands 91

Command Modes 91

Verifying Commands 92

Resetting Switch Configuration 92

Setting Host Names 92

Setting Passwords 93

Setting IP Addresses and Default Gateways 93

Setting Interface Descriptions 94

The mdix auto Command 94

Setting Duplex Operation 95

Setting Operation Speed 95

Managing the MAC Address Table 95

Configuring Static MAC Addresses 95

Switch Port Security 96

Verifying Switch Port Security 96

Sticky MAC Addresses 97

Configuration Example 97

CHAPTER 12 VLANs 101

Creating Static VLANs 101

  Using VLAN Configuration Mode 101

  Using VLAN Database Mode 102

Assigning Ports to VLANs 102

Using the range Command 103

Verifying VLAN Information 103

Saving VLAN Configurations 103

Erasing VLAN Configurations 104

Configuration Example: VLANs 104

CHAPTER 13 VLAN Trunking Protocol and Inter-VLAN Communication 107

Dynamic Trunking Protocol 107

Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) 108

Setting the Encapsulation Type 108

VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 109

Verifying VTP 110

  Inter-VLAN Communication Using an External Router: Router-on-a-Stick 110

Inter-VLAN Communication on a Multilayer Switch Through a Switch Virtual Interface 111

  Removing L2 Switchport Capability of a Switch Port 111

  Configuring Inter-VLAN Communication 111

Inter-VLAN Communication Tips 112

Configuration Example: Inter-VLAN Communication 112

  ISP Router 113

  CORP Router 114

  L2Switch2 (Catalyst 2960) 116

  L3Switch1 (Catalyst 3560) 118

  L2Switch1 (Catalyst 2960) 119

CHAPTER 14 Spanning Tree Protocol and EtherChannel 121

Spanning Tree Protocol 121

  Enabling Spanning Tree Protocol 121

  Configuring the Root Switch 122

  Configuring a Secondary Root Switch 122

  Configuring Port Priority 123

  Configuring the Path Cost 123

  Configuring the Switch Priority of a VLAN 123

  Configuring STP Timers 124

  Verifying STP 124

  Optional STP Configurations 125

  Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode 126

  Extended System ID 126

  Enabling Rapid Spanning Tree 127

  Troubleshooting Spanning Tree 127

  Configuration Example: STP 127

EtherChannel 129

  Interface Modes in EtherChannel 130

  Guidelines for Configuring EtherChannel 130

  Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannel 131

  Verifying EtherChannel 131

  Configuration Example: EtherChannel 132

Part VI Layer 3 Redundancy

CHAPTER 15 HSRP and GLBP 137

Hot Standby Router Protocol 137

Configuring HSRP on a Router 138

Configuring HSRP on an L3 Switch 138

Default HSRP Configuration Settings 139

Verifying HSRP 139

HSRP Optimization Options 139

  Preempt 140

  HSRP Message Timers 140

  Interface Tracking 141

Multiple HSRP 141

Debugging HSRP 142

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol 143

Configuring VRRP 143

Verifying VRRP 144

Debugging VRRP 145

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol 145

  Configuring GLBP 145

Verifying GLBP 147

Debugging GLBP 148

Configuration Example: GLBP 148

  DLS1 149

  DLS2 150

Part VII IPv6

CHAPTER 16 IPv6 153

Assigning IPv6 Addresses to Interfaces 153

IPv6 and RIPng 154

Configuration Example: IPv6 RIP 155

  Austin Router 155

IPv6 Tunnels: Manual Overlay Tunnel 157

  Juneau Router 157

  Fairbanks Router 158

Static Routes in IPv6 159

Floating Static Routes in IPv6 160

Default Routes in IPv6 160

Verifying and Troubleshooting IPv6 160

IPv6 Ping 162

IPv6 Traceroute 162

CHAPTER 17 OSPFv3 163

IPv6 and OSPFv3 163

Enabling OSPF for IPv6 on an Interface 163

Enabling an OSPF for IPv6 Area Range 164

Enabling an IPv4 Router ID for OSPFv3 165

Forcing an SPF Calculation 165

Verifying and Troubleshooting IPv6 and OSPFv3 165

Configuration Example: OSPFv3 166

R3 Router 166

R2 Router 167

R1 Router 168

R4 Router 169

CHAPTER 18 EIGRP for IPv6 171

IPv6 and EIGRP 171

  Enabling EIGRP for IPv6 on an Interface 171

Configuring the Percentage of Link Bandwidth Used by EIGRP 172

Configuring Summary Addresses 172

Configuring EIGRP Route Authentication 172

Configuring EIGRP Timers 172

Logging EIGRP Neighbor Adjacency Changes 173

Adjusting the EIGRP for IPv6 Metric Weights 173

Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP for IPv6 173

Configuration Example: EIGRP for IPv6 174

R3 Router 174

R2 Router 175

R1 Router 176

Part VIII Network Administration and Troubleshooting

CHAPTER 19 Backing Up and Restoring Cisco IOS Software and Confi gurations 177

Boot System Commands 177

The Cisco IOS File System 178

Viewing the Cisco IOS File System 178

Commonly Used URL Prefixes for Cisco Network Devices 178

Deciphering IOS Image Filenames 179

Backing Up Configurations to a TFTP Server 180

Restoring Configurations from a TFTP Server 180

Backing Up the Cisco IOS Software to a TFTP Server 181

Restoring/Upgrading the Cisco IOS Software from a TFTP Server 181

Restoring the Cisco IOS Software from ROM Monitor Mode Using Xmodem 182

Restoring the Cisco IOS Software Using the ROM Monitor Environmental Variables and tftpdnld Command 184

CHAPTER 20 Password-Recovery Procedures and the Confi guration Register 187

The Configuration Register 187

  A Visual Representation 187

  What the Bits Mean 187

  The Boot Field 188

  Console Terminal Baud Rate Settings 188

  Changing the Console Line Speed: CLI 189

  Changing the Console Line Speed: ROM Monitor Mode 189

Password-Recovery Procedures for Cisco Routers 190

Password Recovery for 2960 Series Switches 191

CHAPTER 21 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) 193

Cisco Discovery Protocol 193

CHAPTER 22 Remote Connectivity Using Telnet or SSH 195

Configuring a Device to Accept a Remote Telnet Connection 195

Using Telnet to Remotely Connect to Other Devices 196

Verifying Telnet 197

Configuring the Secure Shell Protocol (SSH) 197

Verifying SSH 198

CHAPTER 23 Verifying End-to-End Connectivity 199

ICMP Redirect Messages 199

The ping Command 199

Examples of Using the ping and the Extended ping Commands 200

The traceroute Command 201

CHAPTER 24 Confi guring Network Management Protocols 203

Configuring SNMP 203

Configuring Syslog 204

Syslog Message Format 204

Syslog Severity Levels 205

Syslog Message Example 205

Configuring NetFlow 206

Verifying NetFlow 206

CHAPTER 25 Basic Troubleshooting 207

Viewing the Routing Table 207

Clearing the Routing Table 208

Determining the Gateway of Last Resort 208

Determining the Last Routing Update 208

OSI Layer 3 Testing 208

OSI Layer 7 Testing 209

Interpreting the show interface Command 209

Clearing Interface Counters 209

Using CDP to Troubleshoot 209

The traceroute Command 209

The show controllers Command 210

debug Commands 210

Using Time Stamps 210

Operating System IP Verification Commands 211

The ip http server Command 211

The netstat Command 211

The arp Command 211

CHAPTER 26 Cisco IOS Licensing 213

Cisco Licensing Earlier Than IOS 15.0 213

Cisco Licensing for the ISR G2 Platforms: IOS 15.0 and Later 215

Verifying Licenses 215

Cisco License Manager 215

Installing a Permanent License 216

Installing an Evaluation License 217

Backing Up a License 217

Uninstalling a License 217

Part IX Managing IP Services

CHAPTER 27 Network Address Translation 219

    Configuring Dynamic NAT: One Private to One Public Address Translation 219

Configuring PAT: Many Private to One Public Address Translation 221

Configuring Static NAT: One Private to One Permanent Public Address Translation 222

Verifying NAT and PAT Configurations 223

Troubleshooting NAT and PAT Configurations 224

Configuration Example: PAT 224

  ISP Router 224

  Company Router 225

CHAPTER 28 Dynamic Host Confi guration Protocol (DHCP) 227

Configuring a DHCP Server on an IOS Router 227

Verifying and Troubleshooting DHCP Configuration 228

Configuring a DHCP Helper Address 228

DHCP Client on a Cisco IOS Software Ethernet Interface 229

Configuration Example: DHCP 229

  Edmonton Router 229

  Gibbons Router 231

Part X WANs

CHAPTER 29 Confi guring Serial Encapsulation: HDLC and PPP 233

Configuring HDLC Encapsulation on a Serial Line 233

Configuring Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) on a Serial Line (Mandatory Commands) 233

Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Compression 234

Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Link Quality 234

Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Multilink 234

Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Authentication 234

Verifying and Troubleshooting a Serial Link/PPP Encapsulation 235

Configuration Example: PPP with CHAP Authentication 236

Boston Router 236

Buffalo Router 237

CHAPTER 30 Establishing WAN Connectivity Using Frame Relay 239

Configuring Frame Relay 239

  Setting the Frame Relay Encapsulation Type 239

  Setting the Frame Relay Encapsulation LMI Type 239

  Setting the Frame Relay DLCI Number 240

  Configuring a Frame Relay map Statement 240

  Configuring a Description of the Interface (Optional) 240

  Configuring Frame Relay Using Subinterfaces 240

Verifying Frame Relay 241

Troubleshooting Frame Relay 242

Configuration Example: Point-to-Point Frame Relay Using Subinterfaces and OSPF 242

  Houston Router 242

  Austin Router 244

  Galveston Router 244

  Laredo Router 245

Configuration Example: Point-to-Multipoint Frame Relay Using Subinterfaces and EIGRP 246

  R1 Router 246

  R2 Router 247

  R3 Router 248

CHAPTER 31 Confi guring Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnels 249

Configuring a GRE Tunnel 249

  Branch Router 249

  HQ Router 250

Verifying a GRE Tunnel 250

CHAPTER 32 Confi guring Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) 251

Configuring a DSL Connection using PPPoE 251

  Step 1: Configure PPPoE (External Modem) 252

  Step 2: Configure the Dialer Interface 253

  Step 3: Define Interesting Traffic and Specify Default Routing 253

     Step 4: Configure NAT Using an ACL 254

  Step 5: Configure NAT Using a Route Map 254

  Step 6: Configure DHCP Service 255

  Step 7: Apply NAT Programming 255

  Step 8: Verify a PPPoE Connection 255

Part XI Network Security

CHAPTER 33 Managing Traffi c Using Access Control Lists (ACL) 257

Access List Numbers 257

Using Wildcard Masks 258

ACL Keywords 258

Creating Standard ACLs 259

Applying Standard ACLs to an Interface 260

Verifying ACLs 260

Removing ACLs 260

Creating Extended ACLs 261

Applying Extended ACLs to an Interface 262

The established Keyword (Optional) 262

Creating Named ACLs 262

Using Sequence Numbers in Named ACLs 263

Removing Specific Lines in Named ACLs Using Sequence Numbers 264

Sequence Number Tips 264

Including Comments About Entries in ACLs 265

Restricting Virtual Terminal Access 265

Tips for Configuring ACLs 266

ACLs and IPv6 266

Configuration Examples: ACLs 267

Part XII Appendixes

APPENDIX A Binary/Hex/Decimal Conversion Chart 271

APPENDIX B Create Your Own Journal Here 279

9781587204302, TOC, 5/28/2013