Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VIII (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VIII 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 12
Preface 6
Appendix to the Preface 8
Presidential Address 16
INAUGURAL ADDRESS 20
Philosophy, Science and Man 22
INTERSECTIONAL SYMPOSIUM: NEW PATTERNS OF EXPLANATION IN SCIENCE 46
The Rediscovery of Time 48
INTERSECTIONAL SYMPOSIUM: SCIENCE AND ETHICS 66
Ethics and Science 68
Is There Anything We Should not Want to Know? 82
The Ethics of Science as a Form of the Cognition of Science 98
CHAPTER 1. FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICAL REASONING 110
Non-monotonic Reasoning by Axiomatic Extensions 112
Inexact and Inductive Reasoning 130
Problems of Admissibility and Substitution, Logical Equations and Restricted Theories of Free Algebras 140
CHAPTER 2. MODEL THEORY 160
On the Existence of End Extensions of Models of Bounded Induction 162
Towards the Structural Stability Theory 182
CHAPTER 3. FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTING AND RECURSION THEORY 196
Automorphisms of the Lattice of Recursively Enumerable Sets and Hyperhypersimple Sets 198
Degrees of Functions with No Fixed Points 210
CHAPTER 4. SET THEORY 222
Free Sets for Commutative Families of Functions 224
Polarized Partition Relations and Almost-Disjoint Functions 232
A Dilworth Decomposition Theorem for . -Suslin Quasi-Orderings of R 242
CHAPTER 5. GENERAL LOGIC 264
Logic and Pragmatic Truth 266
The Justification of Negation as Failure 282
First-Order Spacetime Geometry 322
CHAPTER 6. GENERAL METHODOLOGY OF SCIENCE 336
Strong and Weak Methods 338
Impact of Global Modelling on Modern Methodology of Science 352
Conceptual Change and the Progress of Science 370
Scientific Method and the Objectivity of Epistemic Value Judgments 392
CHAPTER 7. FOUNDATIONS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL INFERENCE 410
The Interface Between Statistics and the Philosophy of Science 412
Astronomical Improbability 432
Probability in Dynamical Systems 446
CHAPTER 8. FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES 464
An Axiomatic Basis as a Desired Form of a Physical Theory 466
On Learning from the Mistakes of Positivists 478
CHAPTER 9. FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 498
Evolution—Matter of Fact or Metaphysical Idea? 500
Evolutionary Altruism and Psychological Egoism 514
CHAPTER 10. FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES 534
Vision and Mind 536
CHAPTER 11. FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 548
Rationality and Social Norms 550
On the Nature of a Social Order 572
CHAPTER 12. FOUNDATIONS OF LINGUISTICS 588
Informational Independence as a Semantical Phenomenon 590
How Natural is Natural Language? 610
CHAPTER 13. HISTORY OF LOGIC, METHODOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 626
Leibniz and the Philosophical Analysis of Science 628
The Logical Ideas of N.A. Vasiliev and Modern Logic 644
Phenomenalism, Relativity and Atoms: Rehabilitating Ernst Mach’s Philosophy of Science 660
Contributed Papers 680
Index of Names 712