Service Engineering (eBook)

Preface 4
Contents 6
Acronyms 8
Chapter 1 - Describing Case Studies and Classifying Research Approaches 12
1.1 Introduction 12
1.2 Mobile Phone Services Portability Case Study 13
1.2.1 Business Goal and Domain Assumptions 14
1.2.1.1 Business Goals 14
1.2.1.2 Domain Assumptions 17
1.2.2 Domain Analysis 18
1.2.2.1 Strategic Dependency Model and Context Diagram 19
1.2.2.2 Domain Model 19
1.2.3 Scenarios 21
1.3 Research Results Classification 24
1.3.1 S-Cube Integrated Research Framework 24
1.3.2 S-Cube Research Challenges 26
1.3.3 Research Results in Service Engineering 28
References 34
Chapter 2 - Model-driven Service Engineering with SoaML 35
2.1 Introduction and Overview 36
2.1.1 Background and Motivation 36
2.1.2 Solution Idea 37
2.1.3 Outline of the Approach 38
2.1.4 Structure of the Chapter 39
2.2 Illustrative Scenario 40
2.3 Business Architecture Modelling 40
2.3.1 Business Goals 41
2.3.1.1 Modelling of Business Goals 42
2.3.2 Business Processes 42
2.3.2.1 Modelling of Business Processes 43
2.3.3 Capabilities 44
2.3.3.1 Modelling of Capabilities 46
2.3.4 Services Architectures 47
2.3.4.1 Modelling of Services Architectures 47
2.3.5 Service Contracts and Choreographies 48
2.3.5.1 Modelling of Service Contracts 50
2.3.5.2 Modelling of Service Choreographies 52
2.4 System Architecture Modelling 52
2.4.1 Service Interfaces 53
2.4.1.1 Modelling of Service Interfaces 54
2.4.2 Interfaces and Messages 54
2.4.2.1 Modelling of Interfaces and Messages 56
2.4.3 Service Choreographies 56
2.4.3.1 Modelling Service Choreographies 57
2.4.4 Software Components 58
2.4.4.1 Modelling Software Components 58
2.5 Related Work and Discussion 60
2.5.1 Model-Driven Methodologies 60
2.5.2 Service Engineering Methodologies 60
2.5.3 Discussion 61
2.6 Concluding Remarks and Future Work 62
References 63
Chapter 3 - Modelling Service Requirements Variability: The DiVAWay 65
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 DiVA Overview 66
3.3 Requirements Engineering in DiVA 68
3.3.1 Overview 68
3.3.2 Case-Study Requirements Engineering 69
3.3.2.1 Automatic Generation of the Initial Feature Tree 69
3.3.2.2 Feature Tree Naming and Refinement 69
3.3.2.3 Context and Constraint Analysis 71
3.4 Variability Modelling in DiVA 73
3.4.1 Overview 73
3.4.2 Requirements Mapping 75
3.4.3 Case-Study DiVA Model 77
3.4.3.1 Dimensions and Variants 77
3.4.3.2 ContextModel 78
3.4.3.3 Adaptation Constraints 80
3.4.3.4 Quality of Service 81
3.4.4 Simulation for Configuration Selection 82
3.5 Adaptive Service Implementation and Integration 85
3.6 Related Work 88
3.6.1 Variability Requirements Engineering 89
3.6.2 Variability Modelling 90
3.6.3 Adaptive Service Implementation 91
3.7 Conclusions 91
References 92
Chapter 4 - Coordination, Organisation and Model-driven Approaches for Dynamic, Flexible, Robust Software and Services Engineering 95
4.1 Introduction 96
4.2 Motivating Scenario 98
4.2.1 A More Concrete Example 99
4.2.2 Components of the Scenario 100
4.3 The ALIVE Approach 101
4.3.1 ALIVE Architecture 101
4.3.2 Modelling the Scenario 103
4.3.3 The Organisational Level 104
4.3.3.1 Social Structure 105
4.3.3.2 Interaction Structure 105
4.3.3.3 Normative Structure 105
4.3.3.4 Communicative Structure 106
4.3.3.5 Scenario’s Social/Organisational Component 106
4.3.4 The Coordination Level 106
4.3.4.1 Agents for Coordination 108
4.3.4.2 Coordination Models and Workflows 109
4.3.4.3 Scenario Interaction Component 110
4.3.4.4 Scenario Modelling of Actions 110
4.3.5 The Service Level 111
4.3.5.1 Services 111
4.3.5.2 Matchmaking 113
4.3.5.3 Service Execution and Monitoring 114
4.3.5.4 Scenario’sWeb Services Component 115
4.3.6 The Model-Driven Approach in ALIVE 116
4.4 Critical Review 116
4.5 Limitations in Existing Approaches 118
4.5.1 Service-Oriented Architecture 119
4.5.2 Service-Oriented Components 119
4.5.3 Engineering of SOAs 122
4.6 Conclusion 122
References 123
Chapter 5 - Model-aware Monitoring of SOAs for Compliance 126
5.1 Introduction 126
5.2 Motivating Scenario 128
5.3 Model-Aware Event-Based Monitoring 130
5.3.1 Approach Overview 130
5.3.2 Model-Aware Repository and Service Environment 132
5.3.2.1 Model-Traceability for Process-Driven SOAs 132
5.3.3 Event Monitoring and Processing 133
5.4 Case Study 135
5.4.1 Annotating Business Process Models with Compliance Concerns 136
5.4.2 Event Processing 137
5.4.3 Compliance Checking 138
5.5 Discussion 138
5.6 Related Work 140
5.6.1 Related Work on Event-based Monitoring 140
5.6.2 Related Work on Requirements Monitoring 141
5.6.3 Related Work on Model Repositories 142
5.7 Conclusion 142
References 143
Chapter 6 - Integrating Perfective and Corrective Adaptation of Service-based Applications 146
6.1 Introduction and Overview 147
6.1.1 Motivation and Problem Statement 147
6.1.2 Solution Idea 147
6.1.3 Focus and Assumptions 149
6.1.4 Outline of the Approach 149
6.1.5 Structure of Chapter 150
6.2 Related Work 150
6.2.1 Related Work on Multi-Goal Adaptation 151
6.2.2 Related Work on Requirements Engineering 151
6.2.3 Related Work on Monitoring for Adaptation 152
6.2.4 Related Work on Online Testing and Regression Testing 153
6.3 Illustrative Scenario 154
6.4 Using Requirements Engineering Techniques for Perfective Adaptation 155
6.4.1 Goal Modelling in Tropos 156
6.4.2 Using Goal-Models to Trigger Adaptation 156
6.4.2.1 Comparing the Service and the Plan Goal Models 159
6.4.2.2 Decision Support for Adapting a SBA 160
6.5 Online Testing for Corrective Adaptation 163
6.5.1 PROSA: Proactive Self-Adaptation Through Online Testing 164
6.5.1.1 Test initiation 165
6.5.1.2 Test Case Generation/Selection 165
6.5.1.3 Test Execution 166
6.5.1.4 Adaptation Detection 166
6.6 Integrating Perfective and Corrective Adaptation 166
6.6.1 Introduction to Workflow Adaptation 167
6.6.1.1 The Enterprise Service Registry 167
6.6.2 Validation Scenario 168
6.6.2.1 Adaptation Triggered by the Requirements Engineer 169
6.6.2.2 Adaptation Triggered by Online Testing 170
6.7 Discussion 170
6.7.1 Discussion of the Requirements Engineering Technique 170
6.7.2 Discussion of the Online Testing Technique 171
6.7.3 Discussion of the Integrated Approach 172
6.8 Conclusions and Perspectives 174
References 175
Chapter 7 - Combining Domain-driven Design and Mashups for Service Development 179
7.1 Introduction 180
7.2 Case Study 181
7.3 The Romulus Approach 182
7.4 Domain Driven Design 185
7.4.1 Overview 185
7.4.2 Case Study 187
7.5 Roma Metaframework 189
7.5.1 Roma Overview 189
7.5.2 Roma Metaframework Model 191
7.5.3 Case Study 195
7.6 Mashups in Romulus 198
7.6.1 Overview 198
7.6.2 MyCocktail 198
7.6.3 Mashups in Roma 200
7.6.4 Case Study 202
7.7 Related Work 203
7.7.1 Agile Web Frameworks 203
7.7.2 Mashups for Service Composition 204
7.8 Conclusions 205
References 206
Chapter 8 - Guidance in Business Process Modelling 209
8.1 Introduction 210
8.2 Motivating Scenario 210
8.3 Existing Approaches and Their Limitations 212
8.3.1 State of the Art 212
8.3.2 Mathematic Background of Business Process Refinement 214
8.3.2.1 Syntax of Process Models 214
8.3.2.2 Execution Set Semantics of Process Models 215
8.3.2.3 Consistent Process Refinement 216
8.4 Proposed Approach 218
8.4.1 Example Refinement 218
8.4.2 Ontologies 220
8.4.3 Consistency Guidance 221
8.4.3.1 Refinement Representation in Ontologies 222
8.4.3.2 Reasoning for Consistency Check 225
8.4.3.3 Conclusion of Consistency Guidance 226
8.4.4 Process Guidance 226
8.4.4.1 Guidance in Modelling Systems 226
8.4.4.2 Task Representation and Retrieval via Ontologies 228
8.4.5 Integrated Guidance 233
8.4.5.1 The Guidance Engine 233
8.4.5.2 Tool Support for Guidance in Modelling 235
8.5 Evaluation 236
8.6 Conclusion 238
References 238
Chapter 9 - Adaptive Service Binding with Lightweight Semantic Web Services 240
9.1 Introduction 241
9.2 A Case Study in Added-Value Services and Service Portability 242
9.3 Background and RelatedWork 245
9.3.1 Adaptive Service Binding 245
9.3.2 Semantic Web Services 246
9.4 Scalable Late-binding of Services based on Lightweight Semantic Annotations 249
9.4.1 Lightweight Semantic Descriptions for Services on the Web 251
9.4.1.1 WSMO-Lite 251
9.4.1.2 MicroWSMO 252
9.4.1.3 Minimal Service Model 253
9.4.2 Services and Annotations 253
9.4.3 Services Publication 255
9.4.4 Template-based Service Selection 258
9.4.4.1 Automatic Transformation of Service Templates to SPARQL 259
9.4.4.2 Match Reports 260
9.4.4.3 Checking Preconditions 261
9.5 Conclusions and Future Work 262
9.6 Appendix 263
References 264
Chapter 10 - Designing and Adapting Service-based Systems: A Service Discovery Framework 268
10.1 Introduction 268
10.2 Overview of the Framework 271
10.3 Query Language 275
10.3.1 Structural Sub-query 275
10.3.2 Behavioural Sub-query 278
10.3.3 Constraint Sub-query 280
10.4 Query Execution and Matching Process 283
10.4.1 Query Execution for Design of Service-based Systems 285
10.4.2 Query Execution for Adaptation of Service-based Systems 290
10.5 Discussion 296
10.6 Related Work 298
10.7 Conclusions and Future Work 301
References 302
Chapter 11 - VRESCo – Vienna Runtime Environment for Service-oriented Computing 305
11.1 Introduction 306
11.2 Example Scenario 307
11.2.1 Involved Web Services 308
11.2.2 SOC Challenges 309
11.3 The VRESCo Solution 311
11.3.1 System Overview 311
11.3.2 Metadata Model and Service Model 313
11.3.3 Service Querying 315
11.3.4 Service Versioning 316
11.3.5 QoS-Based Service Selection 317
11.3.6 Dynamic Service Invocation 320
11.3.6.1 Dynamic Binding 320
11.3.6.2 Message-Centric Communication 321
11.3.7 Service Mediation 322
11.4 Related Work 325
11.5 Conclusion 328
References 329
Glossary 331
Understanding the glossary 331
Terms 331
References 341
Index 343