Grids and Service-Oriented Architectures for Service Level Agreements (eBook)

Contents 5
Foreword 7
Preface 8
Contributing Authors 11
MONITORING SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS IN GRIDS WITH SUPPORT OF A GRID BENCHMARKING SERVICE 15
1. Introduction 16
2. Related Works 17
3. Architecture 18
4. Benchmark Suite 19
5. Monitoring SLAs 21
6. Conclusion 23
References 25
REACTIVE MONITORING OF SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS 26
1. Introduction 27
2. Preliminaries 28
2.1 Contract Signing Protocols 28
2.2 Aggregate Signatures 29
3. Service Evidential Protocol 29
4. Passive Monitoring Scheme 31
5. Reactive Monitoring Scheme 32
6. Conclusions 34
Acknowledgments 35
References 35
LESSONS LEARNED FROM IMPLEMENTING WS-AGREEMENT 36
1. Introduction 37
2. Related work 37
3. Protocol 38
4. Structure of Agreements 39
4.1 Context 39
4.2 Terms and States 39
5. Templates 42
6. Conclusion 44
Example SLA 44
Acknowledgments 47
References 47
SLA-AWARE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 48
1. Introduction 49
1.1 Paper Organization 50
2. Architecture Overview 50
3. SLA Negotiation 51
4. Resource provisioning and re-provisioning 52
4.1 Live Migration 54
5. Monitoring 54
5.1 Monitoring Virtual Machines 55
6. Related Work 55
7. Conclusion and Future Work 56
Acknowledgments 56
References 56
DISTRIBUTED TRUST MANAGEMENT FOR VALIDATING SLA CHOREOGRAPHIES 58
1. Introduction 59
2. A Framework for Validation of Hierarchical SLA Aggregations 59
3. A PKI and Reputation-based Distributed Trust Model 62
3.1 Single Sign-On and Delegation 63
3.2 Reputation Transfer using Trust Reputation Center 63
4. Proposed Model via Use Case Scenario 65
5. Conclusion and Future Work 67
References 68
EVALUATION OF SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT APPROACHES FOR PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT IN THE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY 69
1. Introduction and Motivation 70
2. Portfolio Management as Use Case taken from the Financial Industry 70
3. Requirements on Service Level Agreement Approaches 71
4. Analysis of Five Service Level Agreement Approaches 72
4.1 Actual State of the Art 72
4.2 Evaluation and Interpretation 73
5. An Insight into the developed Management System 74
6. Conclusion and Future Work 77
Acknowledgments 77
References 77
EXPRESSING INTERVALS IN AUTOMATED SERVICE NEGOTIATION 79
1. Introduction 80
2. Interval Semantics 81
3. Expressing intervals 83
4. Expressing intervals in WS Agreement 85
5. Conclusion 86
Acknowledgments 87
References 87
GREENIT SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS 88
1. Introduction 89
1.1 Impact Factors 89
1.2 Service Level Agreements 92
2. GreenIT Metrics 93
3. GreenIT SLA Specifications 94
4. GreenIT Services 95
4.1 Thermal aware task scheduling service 95
4.2 Dynamic voltage frequency scheduling service 96
4.3 Integration services 96
4.4 Portal 96
5. Conlusion 97
Acknowledgments 97
References 98
EXTENDING WS-AGREEMENT WITH MULTI-ROUND NEGOTIATION CAPABILITY 100
1. Introduction 101
2. WS-Agreement Version 1.0 102
3. Use-Cases for negotiation 103
3.1 Co-allocation and Resource Reservation 103
3.2 Agreement on multiple QoS Parameters 104
3.3 Grid Scheduler interoperation 104
4. Protocol and messages for WS-Agreement-Negotiation 105
4.1 Initialisation of the negotiation process 105
4.2 Negotiation of the template 106
4.3 Post-processing of the templates 107
4.4 Negotiation Messages 107
5. Implementation of WS-Agreement-Negotiation in SmartLM 108
5.1 WS-Agreement Framework for Java (WSAG4J) 108
5.2 SLA and Negotiation Service 109
5.3 Creation of license agreement templates 110
5.4 Negotiation 110
5.5 Agreement creation 111
5.6 Agreement termination 112
6. Conclusions 112
Acknowledgments 113
References 113
ENABLING OPEN CLOUD MARKETS THROUGH WS-AGREEMENT EXTENSIONS 115
1. Introduction 116
2. State of the Art 116
2.1 WS-Agreement 116
2.2 Existing Commercial Cloud Offers 117
2.3 Open Cloud Market Enablers 118
2.4 Computing Resource Markets Research 118
3. Extending WS-Agreement 119
3.1 Diversity of Goods 119
3.2 Composition of the Service Level Contract 120
4. CRDL in Different Market Mechanisms 124
4.1 Posted Price 124
4.2 Negotiation Environment 124
4.3 Single Auction 124
4.4 Discussion of the Computing Resource Definition Language 125
5. Conclusion and Future Work 125
References 126
SERVICE MEDIATION AND NEGOTIATION BOOTSTRAPPING AS FIRST ACHIEVEMENTS TOWARDS SELF-ADAPTABLE CLOUD SERVICES 128
1. Introduction 129
2. Related Work 130
3. Adaptable, Versatile, and Dynamic services 131
3.1 Overview 131
3.2 Negotiation Bootstrapping and Service Mediation 133
4. Meta-Negotiations 133
4.1 Meta-Negotiation Scenario 134
4.2 Meta-Negotiation Document (MND) 134
5. SLA mappings 135
5.1 Management of SLA mappings 135
5.2 Scenario for SLA mappings 136
5.3 SLA mappings Document (SMD) 137
6. VieSLAF framework 137
7. Conclusion and Future Work 139
Acknowledgments 139
References 139
SLA NEGOTIATION FOR VO FORMATION 142
1. Introduction 143
2. VO Characteristics 144
3. Sealed Bid Auction for VO Formation 145
3.1 Sealed Bid Auction Service 145
3.2 Service Level Agreement (SLA) 146
4. Decision Making Strategies 148
4.1 A Provider’s SLA Evaluation and Generation 148
4.2 A VO Manager’s Evaluation of a Bid 149
5. Evaluation of the Auction for VO Formation 150
6. Conclusions 152
References 152
FROM SERVICE MARKETS TO SERVICE ECONOMIES – AN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PROTOCOL-GENERIC SLA NEGOTIATIONS 154
1. Introduction 155
2. Vision for Next Generation Distributed Computing: Service Economies 156
3. Research Goal and Requirements 158
4. Related Work 160
5. Design Proposal for a protocol-generic SLA Discovery and Negotiation Infrastructure 161
6. Conclusion and Future Work 163
References 164
SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS IN BREIN 166
1. Introduction 167
2. Addressing SLAs 167
3. The SLA Schema 168
3.1 General Issues 168
3.2 Semantic Annotations 169
4. The BREIN Architecture 171
4.1 Creation 171
5. Conclusion 173
References 174
NEGOTIATION AND MONITORING OF SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS* 175
1. Introduction 176
2. Background 177
3. Monitoring Violations in SLAs 178
3.1 Online Monitoring 179
3.2 Violations and Penalties 180
4. Negotiation of Penalties 181
4.1 Multiround Negotiation 182
4.2 Renegotiation 182
5. Discussion and Conclusion 183
Acknowledgments 183
References 183
Author Index 185