Deploying IPv6 in Broadband Access Networks

Adeel Ahmed is a Technical Leader in Cisco's Advanced Services Group. His areas of expertise include broadband cable, SP voice, and IPv6. He has worked with major cable MSOs in designing and troubleshooting cable networks and participates regularly in industry forums. Salman Asadullah is a Technical Leader at Cisco Systems, Inc., and also holds honorary positions at the APRICOT, NSP, and IPv6 Forum. As a recognized expert, he is a regular speaker at worldwide technical platforms and participates in industry panel discussions. He has coauthored and contributed to IETF RFCs and is the coauthor of two networking technology books.

Foreword xi Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xv

About the Authors, Contributors, and Reviewers xvi

1 IPv6 Drivers in Broadband Networks 1

1.1 IPv6-Based Services 2

1.2 Broadband Access Models 3

1.2.1 ISP-Operated Deployment Model 5

1.2.2 Wholesale Deployment Model 6

1.3 Summary 7

References 7

2 IPv6 Overview 9

2.1 IPv6 Protocol Basics 9

2.1.1 IPv4 and IPv6 Header Comparison 9

2.1.2 IPv6 Extension Headers 11

2.1.3 IPv6 Addressing 12

2.1.4 ICMPv6 19

2.1.5 Neighbor Discovery 20

2.1.6 Secure Neighbor Discovery 27

2.1.7 Provisioning 27

2.2 Summary 34

References 35

3 Deploying IPv6 in Cable Networks 37

3.1 Cable Network Elements 37

3.2 Cable Networks Today 38

3.2.1 Bridged CMTS Networks 39

3.2.2 Routed CMTS Networks 42

3.3 Summary 58

References 58

4 IPv6 Deployment in DSL, ETTH, and Wireless Networks 61

4.1 New Remote Access Architecture for IPv6 61

4.2 DSL Networks 61

4.2.1 DSL Network Elements 62

4.2.2 DSL Service Models 64

4.2.3 Protocol Considerations 67

4.2.4 DSL Network Access Technologies 69

4.2.5 PPP Options 70

4.2.6 Addressing and Routing 71

4.2.7 Routing Considerations 72

4.2.8 Routed Bridged Encapsulation 74

4.2.9 IPv6 Security in DSL Networks 74

4.3 Ethernet Networks 75

4.3.1 Ethernet Network Elements 76

4.3.2 Ethernet Deployment Options 76

4.3.3 Subscriber Identification 79

4.3.4 IPv6 Security in Ethernet Networks 79

4.4 IEEE 802.11A/B/G Wireless Networks 80

4.4.1 Wireless Network Elements 81

4.4.2 Layer2 NAP with Layer3 Termination at ER 81

4.4.3 Layer3-Aware NAP with Layer3 Termination at AR 84

4.4.4 IPv6 Security in Wireless Networks 85

4.5 Summary 85

References 86

5 Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv6 on Gateway Routers and Hosts 89

5.1 IPv6 Support on Gateway Routers 91

5.2 IPv6 Support on Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2003 and 2008 95

5.2.1 IPv6 Deployment Options on Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2003 and 2008 96

5.3 IPv6 Support on Linux 105

5.3.1 Deploying IPv6 on Linux 105

5.4 IPv6 Support on MAC OS X 107

5.4.1 Enabling IPv6 on MAC OS X 108

5.4.2 Tunneling IPv6 on MAC OS X 109

5.5 PPPv6 Support on MAC OS X 110

5.6 IPv6 Support on Solaris 110

5.6.1 Manually Activating IPv6 on Solaris 111

5.6.2 Tunneling IPv6 on Solaris 111

5.7 Troubleshooting IPv6 on GWR and Hosts 113

5.8 Summary 115

References 115

6 Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv6 on Edge Routers 117

6.1 IPv6 Configuration on the Edge Router 117

6.1.1 Enabling IPv6 on ER 117

6.1.2 Configuring ER Upstream Interfaces 118

6.1.3 Configuring SP ER Downstream Interfaces 124

6.2 Summary 154

References 155

7 Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv6 on Provisioning Servers 157

7.1 IPv6 Support on DHCP Servers 157

7.1.1 DHCPv6 Support in a Cisco Network Registrar 157

7.1.2 Configuring DHCPv6 on CNR 158

7.1.3 Troubleshooting a CNR DHCPv6 Server 167

7.2 IPv6 Support on DNS Servers 170

7.2.1 IPv6 Support on a DNS Server in a Cisco Network Registrar 170

7.2.2 Configuring a CNR DNS Server for IPv6 170

7.2.3 Troubleshooting a CNR DNS Server 175

7.3 IPv6 Support on TFTP Servers 177

7.3.1 Enabling TFTPv6 on Solaris 10 177

7.3.2 Troubleshooting TFTPv6 179

7.4 IPv6 Support on AAA and RADIUS Servers 180

7.4.1 Generic AAA Configuration on an ER 181

7.5 Troubleshooting IPv6 on an ER and on RADIUS AAA Servers 186

7.5.1 Troubleshooting AAA and IPv6 Configurations on an ER 186

7.5.2 Troubleshooting User Profile and VSA Configurations on a RADIUS AAA Server 187

7.6 Summary 188

References 189

8 Conclusion 191

8.1 IPv6 Addressing Considerations 191

8.2 IPv4-IPv6 and IPv6-IPv6 Interworking 192

8.3 Subscriber Logging 192

8.4 Recovery Options 193

8.5 Summary 194

Appendix A IPv6 Case Study 195

Appendix B DHCPv6 Message Types and Option Codes 207

Index 211