Synopsis of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (eBook)

Front Cover 1
A Synopsis of Infectious and Tropical Diseases 4
Copyright Page 5
Preface to the Third Edition 6
Preface to the First Edition 8
Table of Contents 10
Section I: Diseases due to Viruses 12
Chapter 1. HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS 12
Herpes Simplex 12
Varicella-zoster Infections 13
Epstein–Barr Virus 16
Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMV) 18
Chapter 2. INFLUENZA 19
Epidemiology 19
Mode of Infection 20
Aetiology 20
Morbid Anatomy 20
Quarantine Period 21
Symptoms 21
Complications and Sequelae 21
Diagnosis 22
Prognosis 22
Treatment 22
Chapter 3 COMMON COLD (Acute Coryza Acute Rhinitis)
Aetiology 22
Symptoms and Signs 23
Treatment 23
Diagnosis 23
Chapter 4. MEASLES (Rubeola Morbilli)
Aetiology 23
Morbid Anatomy 23
Mode of Infection 23
Duration oflnfectivity 24
Quarantine 24
Symptoms 24
The Blood 25
Variations in Clinical Type 25
Mortality 25
Relapses 25
Complications 25
Sequelae 26
Association with other Disease 26
Diagnosis 26
Prognosis 26
Prophylaxis 27
Treatment 27
chapter 5. RUBELLA 27
Mode of Infection 27
Duration of Infectivity 27
Quarantine Period for Contacts 27
Symptoms 28
Complications 28
Diagnosis 28
Treatment 28
Congenital Defects due to Maternal Rubella 28
Prophylaxis 29
Chapter 6. MUMPS (Epidemic Parotitis) 29
Aetiology 29
Morbid Anatomy 29
Mode of Infection 29
Duration of lnfectivity 29
Symptoms 29
Complications 30
Various Rare Sequelae 30
Diagnosis 30
Treatment 30
Prevention 31
Chapter 7. ROTAVIRUS INFECTION 31
Aetiology 31
Epidemiology 31
Pathology 31
Clinical Features 31
Diagnosis 31
Management 32
Prevention 32
Chapter 8. ENTEROVIRUSES 32
Coxsackie Viruses 32
Clinical Features 32
Diagnosis 34
Treatment 34
Echoviruses 34
Chapter 9. POLIOMYELITIS (Heine–Medin Disease Polioencephalitis
34 
Distribution 34
Virus 35
Mode of Entry of Virus 35
Mode of Spread of Infection 35
Development of Epidemics 35
Morbid Anatomy 36
Cerebrospinal Fluid 36
Blood 36
Clinical Grades of Severity 36
Symptoms 36
Prognosis 37
Diagnosis 38
Laboratory 38
Prophylaxis 38
Treatment 39
Chapter 10. RABIES (Hydrophobia Lyssa
40 
Distribution 40
Morbid Anatomy 40
The Virus 41
Symptoms 41
Diagnosis 42
Prognosis 42
Prophylaxis 42
Post-exposure Treatment 42
Rabies in Dogs 43
Paralytic Rabies transmitted by Bats 43
Chapter 11. ARBOVIRUS DISEASES 43
General Characteristics 44
Group A: Viscerotropic 44
Neurotropic 45
Group B: Viscerotropic 46
Neurotropic 47
UngroupedArthropod-borne Viruses 49
Virus 50
Incubation Period 50
Symptoms 50
Treatment 50
Virus 50
Epidemiology 51
Clinical Features 51
Diagnosis 51
Virus Isolation 51
Serology 51
Treatment 51
Prognosis 51
Chapter 12. YELLOW FEVER (International Nomenclature: Amaryl) 51
Virus 52
Vectors 52
Geographical Distribution 52
Mode of Transmission 52
Morbid Anatomy 53
Clinical Types 53
Duration of Infectivity 53
Isolation 53
Symptoms 53
Summary of Symptoms 54
Progress 55
Diagnosis 55
Differential Diagnosis 55
Control of Yellow Fever 55
Active Immunization by Vaccine 55
Treatment 56
Chapter 13. DENGUE (Break-bone Dandy or Seven-day Fever)
Classic Dengue 56
Haemorrhagic Fever Caused by Dengue Viruses 57
Chapter 14. VIRAL HEPATITIS 58
Hepatitis A Virus Infection 59
Hepatitis B Virus Infection 60
Delta-agent Infection (d) 63
Non-A Non-B Hepatitis 63
Chapter 15. PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER {Sandfly Fever Papatasi Fever
Distribution 64
Mode of Infection 64
Symptoms 64
Diagnosis 64
Prophylaxis 64
Chapter 16. HAEMORRHAGIC FEVERS 64
Omsk Haemorrhagic Fever and Kyasanur Forest Disease 65
Lassa Fever 66
Haemorrhagic Fevers of South America 67
Chapter 17. MARBURG AND EBOLA VIRUS INFECTIONS (Vervet Monkey Disease Green Monkey Disease)
Definition 68
Aetiology 68
Epidemiology 68
Pathology 68
Clinical Features 68
Diagnosis 69
Management 69
Chapter 18. ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) 69
Aetiology 69
Epidemiology 69
Incubation Period 70
Period of Communicability 70
Immunopathology 70
Clinical Features 70
Diagnosis 70
Management 71
Isolation 71
Prognosis 71
Prevention 71
Chapter 19. KURU 71
Definition 71
Epidemiology 72
Aetiology 72
Pathology 72
Clinical Features 72
Treatment 72
Chapter 20. SMALLPOX 72
Transmission 72
Clinical Features 72
Vaccination and Control 73
Section II: Diseases Due to Rickettsia and Chlamydia 74
Chapter 21. TYPHUS FEVER 74
Epidemic Typhus Fever (Exanthematic, Louseborne, or True Typhus) 75
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 78
Fièvre Boutonneuse 79
Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi Fever Japanese River Fever)
Murine Typhus (Flea Typhus Urban Typhus)
Chapter 22. TRENCH FEVER 81
History 81
Mode of Transmission 81
General Course 82
Symptoms of Primary Fever 82
Pyrexia 82
Sequelae 82
Progress 82
Treatment 83
Chapter 23. Q FEVER 83
History 83
Epidemiology 83
Laboratory Tests 83
Symptoms 83
Diagnosis 83
Laboratory Confirmation 83
Treatment 84
Prognosis 84
Chapter 24. LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM (Tropical or Climatic Bubo Lymphogranuloma or Lymphopathia Inguinale
Non-LGV Chlamydiae 85
Trachoma and Inclusion Conjunctivitis 86
Chapter 25. PSITTACOSIS 86
Bird Infections 87
Organism 87
Morbid Anatomy 87
Symptomatology in Human Beings 87
Progress and Prognosis 87
Diagnosis 87
Treatment 87
Section III: Diseases ø due to Spirochaetes 88
Chapter 26. RELAPSING FEVERS 88
A. Louse-borne 88
B. Tick-borne 89
Chapter 27. LEPTOSPIROSIS 90
Weil's Disease 90
Other Forms of Leptospirosis 93
Chapter 28. TREPONEMATOSES 93
PRIMARY STAGE 96
SECONDARY STAGE 96
TERTIARYSTAGE 99
QUARTERNARYSTAGE (PARENCHYMATOUSSYPHILIS) 100
DELAYED CONGENITAL SYPHILIS 102
SYPHILIS OF THE LUNGS 102
SYPHILIS OF THE BRONCHI 103
SYPHILIS OF THE TONGUE 103
SYPHILIS OF THE PHARYNX 103
SYPHILIS OF THE LIVER (Syphilitic Hepatitis) 104
SYPHILIS OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT 104
SYPHILIS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 105
RENAL SYPHILIS 105
SYPHILIS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 105
Chapter 29. Y AWS ( Framboesia ) 108
Pinta 111
Intermediate Treponematoses 111
Chapter 30. RAT-BITE FEVER 112
Bacteriology 112
Symptoms 112
Incubation Period 112
Onset 112
Course 112
Relapse 113
Blood 113
Mortality 113
Diagnosis 113
Treatment 113
Section IV: Bacterial Diseases 114
Chapter 31. TYPHOID FEVER 114
Paratyphoid Fever 130
Chapter 32. BACTERIAL FOOD POISONING 132
'Food Poisoning' caused by Infection with Salmonellae 132
Staphylococcal Food Poisoning 134
Clostridial Food Poisoning and Enteritis Necroticans 135
Other ( Food Poisoning' Organisms 136
Chapter 33. DYSENTERY 138
1. Bacillary Dysentery 139
2. Amoebic Dysentery 145
3. Amoebiasis of the Liver (Amoebic Hepatitis and Liver Abscess) 149
Intestinal and Urogenital Protozoa other than Entamoeba 151
Chapter 34. STREPTOCOCCAL IN FECTIONS 152
Clinical Syndromes produced by Streptococcal Infection 153
Suppurative Streptococcal Syndromes 153
Immunologically Mediated Complications of Clinical or Subclinical Streptococcal Infection 156
Acute Anaphylactoid Purpura 162
Toxin-mediated Streptococcal Disease 162
Chapter 35. STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS 167
Staphlococcal Scpticamia 168
Other Deep-seated Staphylococcal Infections 170
Staphylococcal Enterocolitis 170
Chapter 36. DIPHTHERIA 170
Desert Sore 179
Chapter 37. WHOOPING-COUGH (PERTUSSIS) 180
Incidence 180
Bacteriology 180
Morbid A natomy 181
Mode of Infection 181
Duration of Infectivity 181
Symptoms 181
Physical Signs 181
Blood Changes 182
Duration 182
Complications 182
Diagnosis 182
Radiology 182
Cause of the Whoop 183
Prophylaxis 183
Treatment 183
Chapter 38. HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE INFECTIONS 183
Bacteriology 184
Clinical Manifestations 184
Diagnosis 184
Treatment 184
Chapter 39. MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS (Cerebrospinal Fever Cerebrospinal Meningitis
Aetiology and Epidemiology 185
Mode of Infection 185
Bacteriology 186
Morbid Anatomy 186
Duration of Infectivity 187
Quarantine Period 187
Symptoms 187
Ordinary Form 187
Other Clinical Types 188
Complications and Sequelae 189
Cerebrospinal Fluid 189
Diagnosis 189
Differential Diagnosis 189
Course and Prognosis 190
Prophylaxis 190
Treatment 190
Chapter 40. GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS 191
Aetiology 191
Bacteriology 191
Clinical Conditions in Adults 191
Treatment of Disseminated Gonococcal Infections 193
Chapter 41. BRUCELLOSIS (Undulant Fever Malta Fever)
Brucella Melitensis Infection 194
Brucella Abortus and Brucella Suis Infections 196
Chapter 42. CHOLERA 197
Aetiology 197
Bacteriology 197
Mode of Infection 199
Duration of Infectivity 199
Quarantine Period 199
Pathology 199
Symptoms 199
Clinical Features 199
Diagnosis 200
Prognosis 200
Prophylaxis 200
Treatment 200
Other Species of Vibrios 201
Chapter 43. PLAGUE 201
Aetiology 202
Bacteriology 202
Morbid Anatomy 203
Duration of Infectivity 203
Quarantine Period 203
Symptoms 203
Diagnosis 204
Prophylaxis 204
Treatment 205
Chapter 44. TETANUS (Lockjaw) 205
General Tetanus 206
Neonatal Tetanus 207
Localized Tetanus 208
Cephalic Tetanus 208
Chapter 45. GLANDERS 210
Bacteriology 210
Morbid Anatomy 211
Symptoms 211
Diagnosis 211
Treatment 212
Melioidosis 212
Epidemiology 212
Morbid A natomy 212
Symptoms 212
Diagnosis 212
Treatment 212
Chapter 46. ANTHRAX (Malignantpustule Woolsorter's disease. (In animals) Splenic fever)
Aetiology and Epidemiology 213
Bacteriology 213
Clinical Features 213
Diagnosis 214
Prophylaxis (Man) 215
Prophylaxis (Animals) 215
Treatment 215
Chapter 47. LEPROSY 215
Epidemiology 215
Aetiology 216
Pathology 216
Clinical Features 217
Diagnosis 218
Differential Diagnosis 219
Prognosis 219
Treatment 219
Prophylaxis 220
Chapter 48. TULARAEMIA 220
Aetiology 220
Geographical Distribution 220
Diagnosis 220
Treatment 221
Chapter 49. BARTONELLOSIS (Oroya Fever Verruga Peruana
Distribution 221
Aetiology 221
Pathology 221
Clinical Features 221
Diagnosis 222
Complications 222
Treatment 222
Section V: Diseases due to Mycoses and Higher Bacteria 224
Chapter 50. ACTINOMYCOSIS, NOCARDIOSIS AND MADURA DISEASE 224
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis 224
Mycetoma (Madura Foot, Madura Disease) 226
Section VI: Protozoal Infections 228
Chapter 51. MALARIA 228
The Mosquito 228
The Protozoon 229
Clinical Course and Manifestations 234
Other Complications and Sequelae 237
Relapses 237
Prognosis 238
Mortality 238
Immunity 238
Diagnosis 238
Prophylaxis 239
Treatment 239
Prevention and Treatment of Acute Attacks 240
Chapter 52. BLACKWATER FEVER (Malarial Haemoglobinuria Haemoglobinuric Fever)
Relation to Malaria 243
Relation to Quinine 244
Theory of Pathogenesis 244
Onset in Temperate Climates 244
Morbid Anatomy 244
Symptoms 244
Blood 245
Sequelae 245
Differential Diagnosis 245
Suppressive Treatment 245
Treatment 245
Chapter 53. TRYPANOSOMIASIS (Sleeping Sickness) 246
South American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' Disease) 250
Chapter 54. LEISHMANIASIS (Kala-azar Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis)
Visceral Leishmaniasis 251
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis 254
Section VII: Diseases due to Metazoan Parasites 258
Chapter 55. TREMATODE OR FLUKE INFECTIONS (Distomiasis) 258
Pulmonary Fluke 258
Hepatic Flukes 259
Intestinal Flukes 260
Blood Flukes 260
Chapter 56. DISEASES CAUSED BY CESTODES (Taeniasis) 266
1. Intestinal Tapeworms 266
2. Cysticercosis (Cysticercus Cellulosae) 269
3. Hydatid Disease: (Larval Taenia Echinococcus or Echinococcus Granulosus) 270
Chapter 57. DISEASES CAUSED BY NEMATODES 273
Ascaris Lumbricoides (Roundworm) 273
Toxocariasis 275
Enterobius (Oxyuris) Vermicularis (Threadworm) 277
Trichiniasis* 278
Ancylostomiasis (Hookworm Disease) 281
Strongyloidiasis 284
Trichuris Trichiura (Whipworm Trichocephalus dispar)
Capillariasis 285
Gnathostomiasis 286
Other Animal Nematodes 286
Filariasis 287
Brugia Malayi Infection 289
Loiasis 289
Mansonella Perstans (Acanthocheilonema Perstans) 291
Onchocerciasis 291
Streptocerciasis 293
Dracontiasis (Guinea-worm Disease) 293
Section VIII: Nutritional and Haematological Disorders 296
Chapter 58. NUTRITIONAL DISEASES 296
Kwashiorkor (Protein-calorie Malnutrition Malignant Malnutrition)
Marasmus 298
Pellagra 299
Beri-beri 300
Deficiency Anaemias in the Tropics (see also Chapter 60) 301
Chapter 59. ALIMENTARY DISORDERS OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE IN THE TROPICS 302
Tropical Sprue (Steatorrhoea or Malabsorption Syndrome of Tropics Sprue)
Veno-occlusive Disease 304
Vomiting Sickness of Jamaica (Ackee Poisoning) 305
Bantu Siderosis 306
Infantile Cirrhosis 306
Chapter 60. ANAEMIAS OF THE TROPICS 306
Iron-deficiency Anaemias of the Tropics 307
Anaemia due to Deficiency of Folic Acid or Vitamin B12 309
Anaemia Secondary to Vitamin-C Deficiency 310
Anaemia Secondary to Pyridoxine Vitamin-B6 Deficiency 310
Anaemia associated with Protein Malnutrition 310
Haemolytic Anaemias 310
Haemoglobinopathies 311
Section IX: Miscellaneous 318
Chapter 61. TROPICAL ULCER. TROPICAL SLOUGHING PHAGEDENA (Ulcus Tropicum Naga Sore
Aetiology 318
Symptoms 318
Treatment 318
Prevention 318
Chapter 62. VENOMOUS ANIMALS 318
Venomous Fish 318
Jelly Fish (Coelenterates) 319
Molluscs (Conus) 320
Poisonous Insects 320
Venomous Snakes 322
Chapter 63. HEAT-INDUCED DISORDERS 324
Heat Hyperpyrexia 324
Heat Exhaustion 325
Prickly Heat 327
Other Heat Disorders 327
Chapter 64. MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES 328
Endomyocardial Fibrosis (EMF) 328
Ainhum 328
Acute Infectious Lymphocytosis 329
Index 330