The Apostles' Creed

Marcel Sarot, PhD (1992), is Professor of Fundamental Theology at the School of Catholic Theology of Tilburg University. He has published extensively in philosophical theology, philosophy of religion and fundamental theology. Archibald L.H.M. van Wieringen, PhD (1993), is Professor of Old Testament at the School of Catholic Theology, Tilburg University. He has published especially on prophetic litertaure and communication-oriented analysis. He is the co-editor of Teaching and Tradition: On their Dynamic Interaction (Brill, 2023) and Themes and Texts in Luke-Acts (Brill, 2023) and co-author along with Frank G. Bosman of Video Games as Art (De Gruyter, 2022).

Notes on Contributors



The Virgin Birth in the Apostles’ Creed

Introductory Remarks

 Marcel Sarot and Archibald van Wieringen



Born of the Virgin Mary

Various Old Testament Backgrounds

 Archibald L.H.M. van Wieringen



Ecce Ancilla Domini

Mary as Assistant to God according to Luke 1:26–38

 Bart J. Koet



Test or Testimony?

Mary’s Virginity in the Infancy Gospel of James (Protevangelium Jacobi) and in Godard’s Film Je vous salue, Marie (Hail Mary) (1984)

 Caroline H.C.M. Vander Stichele



Born of the Virgin Mary

Virgin Motherhood in the Pre-Nicene Tradition

 Jan W.M. Hendriks



Sarah and Mary

Mothers of the People

 Marcel J.H.M. Poorthuis



The Virgin Birth in the Theology of John Damascene

 Dries J.L.A. De Crom



“We Are Mothers When We Carry Him and Give Birth to Him”

The Role of Mary as a Virgin, Mother, and Maidservant in the Lives of Francis and Clare of Assisi

 Willem Marie Speelman



“This Brought God Down into Mary”

Hadewijch on the Pregnancy of the Virgin Mary in the Present

 Rob V.J. Faesen



Thomas Aquinas on the Virgin Birth

 Harm Goris



Sixteenth-Century Reformers’ Perspectives on the Virgin Birth

 Arnold Huijgen



The Interpretation of “Born of the Virgin Mary” by Romano Guardini

 Bernhard Hegge



‘Born of the Virgin Mary’ and Islam

 Pim Valkenberg



The Virgin Birth of a Superhero

An Intertextual Reading of Mahabharata I. 104.6–16

 Yesu Karunanidhi



On Intimate Terms with the Virgin Mary

The Counterintuitive Space Offered by “Born of the Virgin Mary”

 Jacques W.G. Körver



Our Lady of the Covering

Depictions of the Virgin Birth in Jesus Films

 Frank G. Bosman



Reality and Meaning of the Virgin Birth

An Attempt to Integrate Various Disciplinary Perspectives

 Marcel Sarot



Index of Modern Authors