Religious Pluralism in India

Subhadra Mitra Channa is retired Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India. Her research interests are in Gender Studies, Marginalization, Identity Studies, Urban Ethnography, Environment, Cosmology, and Religion and Caste Studies in India. She is the recipient of Charles Wallace Fellowship, the United Kingdom; Fulbright Lecturer, the United States, 2003 and 2008–2009; Visiting Professor to Maison D’Sciences De L’Homme, Paris; Visiting Scholar, University of Kentucky, the United States (2015); Visiting Professor University of Bahia, Brazil (2019); Fellow of the Society for Applied Anthropology, the United States; President of the Indian Anthropological Association (1997–2000); and S. C Roy Gold Medal (Asiatic Society). She was awarded the Distinguished Teacher Award Delhi University, in 2016, as the best teacher of the university. She is the present Senior Vice-President of (IUAES) from 2018 and Chair of the Commission on Marginalization and Global Apartheid (2017–2021). Her publications were Gender is South Asia; Life as a Dalit (ed.), The Inner and Outer Selves; Gender, Livelihood and Environment (ed.) with Marilyn Porter, and Anthropological Perspectives on Indian Tribes (2019), more than 80 scholarly papers. Lancy Lobo holds a master’s degree in Anthropology and a doctoral degree in Sociology from the Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, India. He has authored and co-authored 25 books and scores mimeographs based on research over 40 years. He has been a professor and the Director of Centre for Social Studies, based in Surat, an institute under the Indian Council of Social Science Research, Delhi. He was International Visiting Fellow at the Woodstock Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, in the year 1999–2000. He is the founder director of Centre for Culture and Development, Vadodara, completing 20 years. Currently, he is Professor Emeritus at the Indian Social Institute, Delhi. Some of his recent publications include, with Jayesh Shah (eds.), The Legacy of Nehru: Appraisal and Analysis (2018), with A.M. Shah (eds.), Essays on Suicide and Self-Immolation (2018), with Kanchan Bharati (eds.), Marriage and Divorce in India: Changing Concepts and Practices (2019), with A.M. Shah (eds.), An Ethnography of Parsees of India (2022), and with A.M. Shah (eds.), Indian Anthropology (2022).

List of figures

List of tables

Preface

List of contributors

Introduction

SUBHADRA MITRA CHANNA AND LANCY LOBO

PART I

1 Note on the origin of the Hindu Trimurti

S.M. EDWARDES

2 The supposed Maya origin of the Elephocephalous deity Ganesha

SARAT CHANDRA MITRA

3 The anthropological method of interpretation of Avestic and Vedic texts, ideas, and usages: part I

R.K. DADACHANJI

4 The anthropological method of interpretation of Avestic and Vedic texts, ideas, and usages: part II

R.K. DADACHANJI

5 Deification of light among ancient nations, Eastern and Western

S.S. MEHTA

6 The migration of a form of Iranian religious ideas to ancient Rome and other countries of Europe, and the narrow escape of early Christianity in its conflict with them for the dominion of the world

R.K. DADACHANJI

7 Was there any institution in ancient Iran like that of caste in India?

JIVANJI JAMSHEDJI MODI

8 An ancient Egyptian legend in Buddhist guise

SARAT CHANDRA MITRA

9 Is the retention of the term “Animism” as a main religion head in our census tables justified?

L.J. SEDGWICK

10 Totem theories

R.E. ENTHOVEN

PART II

11 Tree worship in Mohenjo Daro

H. HERAS

12 Exorcism of spirit in India and exorcism of physical impurity in Persia: a parallel with respect to the various parts of the body treated in the exorcism

JIVANJI JAMSHEDJI MODI

13 Ethnographical notes on the Muhammadan castes of Bengal

MAULAVI ABDUL WALI

14 A book procession of the Tibetan Lamas, as seen at Darjeeling

JIVANJI JAMSHEDJI MODI

15 On superstitions of the Goa people from Portuguese sources

E. REHATSEK

16 A note on the worship of the Demon Rahu by the Dusadhs of South Bihar

SARAT CHANDRA MITRA

17 On curious tenets and practices of a certain class of Faqirs in Bengal

MAULAVI ABDUL WALI

18 A note on the rise of a new Hindu sect in Bihar

SARAT CHANDRA MITRA

19 A theoretical history of the Goddess Yellamma

RAO BAHADUR RUDRAGAUDA CHANVIRGAUDA ARTAL

20 The festivities in honour of Siva in the month of Chaitra

SATINDRA NARAYAN ROY

21 Short account of the reformed Shaiva or Veerashaiva faith

R.C. ARTAL AND WATANDAR PATIL

22 Swastika

S.S. MEHTA

Glossary

Author Index

Subject Index