Managing Heritage in Africa

Webber Ndoro (MA, York; MPhil, Cambridge; PhD, Uppsala) is Director of the African World Heritage Fund based in Johannesburg, South Africa, and Associate Research Fellow at the University of Cape Town. He worked as a heritage manager at Great Zimbabwe from 1988 to 1994. He taught heritage management at the University of Zimbabwe before joining ICCROM’s Africa 2009 Programme as the Projects Manager. He has authored several papers in journals and books, and in 2015 was awarded the ICCROM prize for his contribution to heritage conservation. Shadreck Chirikure, (MA, PhD, University College London) is a leading scholar on heritage management and indigenous knowledge systems in Africa. He has vast experience in managing cultural heritage in Africa and has participated in several projects such as rehabilitating Khami World Heritage Sites. Currently, Shadreck is Associate Professor in the Department of Archaeology at the University of Cape Town. He has published in leading peer reviewed journals such as Current Anthropology and Antiquity. His books include Indigenous Mining and Metallurgy in Africa (Cambridge University Press, 2010) and Metals in Past Societies (Springer 2015). Janette Deacon (MA, PhD Cape Town), studied archaeology at the University of Cape Town, graduating in 1960. Her PhD was awarded in 1982. She edited the South African Archaeological Bulletin from 1976 to 1993. In 1989, she was appointed as Archaeologist at the National Monuments Council and was involved in the drafting of the National Heritage Resources Act. After retiring at the end of 1999 she served as Chairperson of Heritage Western Cape and between 2000 and 2011 arranged a series of courses and workshops on rock art conservation and management for the Southern African Rock Art Project and the Getty Conservation Institute at World Heritage sites in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malaw

Table of Contents

Figures and Table



Contributors



Series General Co-Editors’ Foreword



1. Approaches and trends in African heritage management and conservation. Shadreck Chirikure, Webber Ndoro & Janette Deacon



2. The challenges of the preservation of archaeological heritage in West Africa. Adebayo Folorunso



3. The African response to the concept and implementation of the 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting Illicit Import and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. Dawson Munjeri



4. Reorienting heritage management in southern Africa: lessons from traditional custodianship of rock art sites in central Mozambique. Albino Jopela



5. Traditional methods of conservation: a case study of Bafut. Raymond Neba’ane Asombang



6. Sites of Pain and Shame as heritage discourses: Case of Shimoni Slave caves in south-eastern Kenya Herman Kiriama



7. The evolution of cultural and natural management systems with the waterlogged villages in Benin Hermione Nonhome Koudakossi Boko



8. Managing Sacred Sites as Heritage in West Africa Victoria Ndidi Osuagwu



9. The sacred groves in the Bight of Benin: a misunderstood heritage. Souayibou Varissou



10. Investigating incorporation of community cultural values in archaeological impact assessment processes: case studies from Botswana. Nonofho Ndobochani & Gilbert Pwiti



11. Heritage management at cross-roads: the role of contract archaeology in South Africa Ndukuyakhe Ndlovu



12. Dammed if you do, damned if you don't: archaeology and the Lesotho Highlands Water Project Peter Mitchell



13. Managing the built environment and the urban landscape in South Africa Stephen Townsend



14. Heritage and energy development issues, a controversial compl