Concept and Measurement of Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly (eBook)

Front Cover 1
The Concept and Measurement of Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Contributors 12
Preface 14
Part 1: Background 16
Chapter 1. A Multidimensional View of Quality of Life in Frail 
18 
Medical Quality of Life 19
A Conceptual Structure for Quality of Life 21
Dependence and Independence among Aspects of Life Quality 27
Quality of the Last Year of Life: A Multidimensional Research Study 28
Unidimensional Conceptions of Quality of Life 32
Positive and Negative Aspects of Life 34
Quality of Life and Social Policy 36
Research Needs 37
Conclusion 37
References 38
Chapter 2. Determinants of Quality of Life in Institutions: Perceptions of Frail Older Residents, Staff, and Families 43
Introduction 43
Method 46
Results 50
Discussion 58
Conclusion 62
Acknowledgments 62
References 63
Chapter 3. The Measurement of Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 65
Introduction 65
Defining Quality of Life 67
Measurement Characteristics 68
A Review of Selected Quality of Life Measures 72
Conclusion 84
Suggestions for Future Research 86
References 86
Chapter 4. A Review of the Literature on Interventions and Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 89
Definitions 90
Measurement 95
Interventions 96
Recommendations 100
References 101
Part II: The Physical World and Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 104
Chapter 5. Improving Residential Environments for Frail Elderly: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Application 106
Introduction 106
Social and Behavioral Science Models 107
Designers and Policymakers Are Case Study Oriented 108
Guideline Organization Schemes 108
Twelve Encompassing Principles 109
Regulatory/Policy 
128 
Directions for Future Research 131
Summary 132
References 132
Chapter 6. Relocation of the Frail Elderly 135
Introduction 135
Factors Affecting Relocation Outcomes 143
Recommendations for Future Research 149
References 151
Chapter 7. Assistive Devices, Robotics, and Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 157
Introduction 157
Environment 159
Work 161
Recreation 163
Activities of Daily Living 164
Socialization 167
Mobility 167
Cognitive Function 171
Sensory Function 174
Physical Health 175
Accident Prevention 176
Emergency Response 178
Access to Health Care 179
Psychological Health 179
Future Research Directions 180
Conclusion 181
References 181
Part III: The Social World and Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 184
Chapter 8. The Role of Family and Friends in Quality of Life 186
Phase 1 : Documenting the Predominance of Assistance from Family and Friends 187
Phase 2: Examining the Relationship between Social Support and Well-being 190
Phase 3: Recognizing the Complexity 193
Looking Ahead 196
Directions for Future Research 199
Conclusion 200
References 201
Chapter 9. Minority Issues and Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 206
Introduction 206
Current Critical Issues 208
Health 212
Quality Care and Significant Problems 213
Social Policy 215
Summary 216
References 217
Part IV: The World within Us and Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 220
Chapter 10. The Influence of Aging or Frailty on Perceptions and Expressions of the Self: Theoretical and Methodological Issues 222
Concepts and Theory about the Self 224
Theory about the Intersection of Normal Aging and the Self 229
Theory about the Intersection of Frailty and the Self 232
Methodological Issues 234
Future Research Directions 237
Conclusion 238
References 238
Chapter 11. Physical Activity and Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 241
The Meaning of Movement in the Quality of Life 241
Physical Activity: What People Choose to Do 242
The Third Dimension of Human Frailty: Disuse 242
Why Disuse? 244
Benefits of Physical Activity 247
The Upper Limits of Physical Function in the Elderly: What Is Possible? 260
Recommendations for Future Research 263
References 265
Chapter 12. Intellectual Exercise and Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 271
Introduction 271
Quality of Life 272
Intelligence in the Frail Elderly 274
Quality of Life and Intelligence 280
A Tentative Model of Intelligence and Quality of Life 284
Suggestions for Future Research 286
References 287
Part V: Autonomy as a Factor in Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 292
Chapter 13. Resident Decision Making and Quality of Life in the Frail Elderly 294
Introduction 294
Autonomy 294
The Impact of Decision Making 296
Decision-Making Preferences 298
Micro and Macro Decisions 301
Cohort Differences 301
Influence of Institutional Settings on Decision Making 302
Frailty, Chronic Illness, and the Sick Role 303
Competing Contributors to Quality of Life 304
Forced Autonomy and Delegated Autonomy 304
Summary 304
Directions for Future Research 305
References 306
Chapter 14. Sense of Control, Quality of Life, and Frail Older People 312
Introduction 312
Sense of Control 313
Sense of Control and Aging 319
Sense of Control and Frailty 320
Sense of Control and Quality of Life 323
Future Research Directions 324
Conclusion 326
Acknowledgments 326
References 326
Chapter 15. Personal Autonomy for Residents in Long-Term Care: Concepts and Issues of Measurement 330
Autonomy: The Concept 331
Measurement and Relationship to Quality of Life 339
Conclusion 346
References 347
Chapter 16. Science of Quality of Life in Elders: Challenge and Opportunity 350
A Science of Quality of Life: Why Now? 350
Beginnings of a Science 353
Challenge to Science 354
Summary 356
References 357
Chapter 17. Concepts and Content of Quality of Life in the Later Years: An Overview 359
History of the Term 359
Present Status of the Concept of Quality of Life 364
Research Recommendations 369
A Practical Recommendation 371
Summary and Conclusions 371
References 374
Index 376