Information Markets (eBook)

lt;!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">

Frank Linde, Professor of Economics (Research focus: Information Economics), Cologne University of Applied Sciences, Germany, Institute of Information Science; Wolfgang G. Stock,professor for information science and head of the department of Information Science, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf.

Frank Linde, Professor für Wirtschaftswissenschaften (Forschungsschwerpunkt: Informationsökonomie) am Institut für Informationswissenschaft an der Fachhochschule Köln; Wolfgang G. Stock, Professor für Informationswissenschaft und Lehrstuhlinhaber am Institut für Informationswissenschaft an der Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf.

Contents 6
Preface 14
Part A Propedeutics of Dealing with the Information Market 24
1 History of Exploring the Information Market 26
1.1 Knowledge Workers in the Knowledge Economy 26
1.2 Information Economy as Fourth Sector 30
1.3 “Information Superhighways” 33
1.4 “New Economy” 36
1.5 Digital Information Services 37
1.6 M-Commerce 40
1.7 Information Market–Today: Digital Online Information and Network Economy 40
1.8 Conclusion 41
1.9 Bibliography 42
2 Information as Economic Good 46
2.1 Economic Goods 46
2.2 Information Goods 47
2.3 Digital Information on the Information Market 51
2.4 The Economic Significance of the Information Market 53
2.5 Conclusion 54
2.6 Bibliography 54
3 Economic Particularities of Information Goods 56
3.1 Market Failure for Information Goods 56
3.2 First-Copy-Cost Effect 58
3.3 Information Asymmetries 61
3.4 Network Effects for Information Goods 74
3.5 Information as Public Good 84
3.6 Interdependence of Economic Particularities 89
3.7 Conclusion 90
3.8 Bibliography 92
Part B Information Society 98
4 Information Sociology 100
4.1 “Information Society” and “Knowledge Society” 100
4.2 Information and Knowledge Infrastructure 106
4.3 The Informational City and “Glocality” 110
4.4 The Digital Divide 116
4.5 Deviant Information Behavior 119
4.6 Information Subcultures: Hackers, Crackers, Crashers 125
4.7 Dark Web: Information Behavior of Terrorist Groups 126
4.8 Political Science 128
4.9 Conclusion 132
4.10 Bibliography 134
5 Information Law 142
5.1 Legal Protection of Information 142
5.2 Technical Information: Patents and Utility Models 143
5.3 Aesthetic-Commercial Information: Registered Design 153
5.4 Advertising Information: Trademark Law 154
5.5 Works: Copyright Law 158
5.6 Creative Commons and Copyleft 163
5.7 Legal Protection of Software 164
5.8 Person-Related Information: Data Protection Law 166
5.9 Content on the Internet: Telemedia Law 168
5.10 Adjacent Fields of Law 170
5.11 Information Criminal Law 172
5.12 International Information Law? 174
5.13 Conclusion 174
5.14 Bibliography 176
6 Information Ethics 182
6.1 Ethics of a New Culture 182
6.2 Professional Behavior 186
6.3 Free Access to Knowledge 186
6.4 Privacy 189
6.5 Intellectual Property 193
6.6 Conclusion 199
6.7 Bibliography 200
Part C Digital Information Goods 204
7 Business, Market and Press Information 206
7.1 Digital Information Products for and about Business and the Press 207
7.2 Clients on the Market for Business, Market and Press Information 208
7.3 Business Information 208
7.4 Company Dossiers 208
7.5 Credit Information 211
7.6 Product Information 212
7.7 Addresses 214
7.8 Market Data 215
7.9 Structural, Market and Industry Data 215
7.10 Stock Market Information 219
7.11 Time Series 219
7.12 News 224
7.13 Media Observation: Press Reviews and Media Resonance Analyses 226
7.14 Providers’ Pricing Strategies 226
7.15 Conclusion 227
7.16 Bibliography 228
8 Legal Information 230
8.1 Legal Documents and Their Demanders 230
8.2 Primary Legal Information I: Legal Norms 231
8.3 Primary Legal Information II: Cases / Decisions 233
8.4 Secondary Legal Information: Expert Annotations and Specialist Literature 234
8.5 Tertiary Legal Information: Citations and Other References 235
8.6 Providers’ Pricing Models 237
8.7 Conclusion 238
8.8 Bibliography 239
9 STM Information 242
9.1 Information in Science, Technology and Medicine 242
9.2 The Production Process of STM Information 247
9.3 Digital and Print Products 249
9.4 Journal Impact Factor 253
9.5 STM eBooks 255
9.6 Patents and Utility Models 257
9.7 Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) 258
9.8 Information Services with Bibliographic References to STM Publications 259
9.9 STM Facts 263
9.10 The STM Market: Publishers, Libraries and Scientists 265
9.11 Conclusion 269
9.12 Bibliography 270
10 Search Tools and Content Aggregators 274
10.1 Typology of Search Tools and Content Aggregators 274
10.2 Online Search Engines 275
10.3 Content Aggregators (Hosts) 277
10.4 Conclusion 280
10.5 Bibliography 280
11 Web 2.0 Services 282
11.1 Social Software 282
11.2 File-Sharing Services 285
11.3 Social Bookmarking 290
11.4 Collaborative Construction of a Knowledge Base 293
11.5 Social Networks 300
11.6 Conclusion 303
11.7 Bibliography 304
12 Online Music and Internet TV 310
12.1 Commercial Music Distribution on the World Wide Web 310
12.2 Internet Television 312
12.3 Conclusion 314
12.4 Bibliography 315
13 Digital Games 318
13.1 Console and PC Games 318
13.2 Digital Versions of “Traditional” Games 320
13.3 Gambling 321
13.4 Video Games 322
13.5 Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPGs) 323
13.6 Social Games 328
13.7 Games with a Purpose 329
13.8 Conclusion 330
13.9 Bibliography 331
14 Software 334
14.1 The Software Market 334
14.2 Software Development 336
14.3 Globalization and “Offshoring” 343
14.4 Conclusion 346
14.5 Bibliography 347
15 Online Advertising 350
15.1 Forms of Advertising on the Internet 350
15.2 Banner Advertising 353
15.3 Target-Group Specific Online Advertising 355
15.4 Advertising in Digital Games 355
15.5 E-Mail Advertising 357
15.6 Context-Specific Advertising 358
15.7 Viral Marketing 362
15.8 Conclusion 364
15.9 Bibliography 365
Part D Competitive Strategies of Information Providers 368
16 Strategic Framework 370
16.1 Porter’s Model of Industry Structure Analysis 370
16.2 Nalebuff’s and Brandenburger’s Value Net 372
16.3 The Value Net’s Elements 373
16.4 Value Nets for Information Goods 376
16.5 Business and Business Field Strategies 377
16.6 Competitive Advantages 379
16.7 Strategic Variables for Designing Value Nets 379
16.8 Conclusion 381
16.9 Bibliography 382
17 Timing of Market Entry 384
17.1 Innovators and Imitators 384
17.2 Advantages and Disadvantages for First Movers 385
17.3 First-Mover Advantages on Information Markets 388
17.4 Empirical Proofs for First-Mover Advantages 391
17.5 Second-Mover Advantages 395
17.6 Conclusion 397
17.7 Bibliography 398
18 Pricing 402
18.1 Product and Pricing Policy 402
18.2 Forms of Price Differentiation 405
18.3 Conclusion 441
18.4 Bibliography 443
19 Managing Compatibility and Standardization 450
19.1 Compatibility Standards and Standardization 450
19.2 Relevance of Standards 451
19.3 Forms of Standards 452
19.4 Determining Factors of Standardization 453
19.5 Standards on Information Markets 456
19.6 Effects of Compatibility Standards 458
19.7 Upwards and Downwards Compatibility 459
19.8 Strategies of Standardization 460
19.9 Options of Proactive Behavior 463
19.10 Options of Passive Behavior 466
19.11 Opening a Standard as Trade-Off Issue 467
19.12 Conclusion 470
19.13 Bibliography 471
20 Complement Management 474
20.1 Kinds of Complementary Relationships 474
20.2 Starting Points for Creating Indirect Network Effects 476
20.3 Strategic Variants of the Complement Range 478
20.4 Conclusion 480
20.5 Bibliography 480
21 Copy Protection Management 482
21.1 Development of Copyright for Information Goods 482
21.2 Digital Rights Management Systems (DRMS) 483
21.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of DRMS 487
21.4 Copy Protection and Network Effects 491
21.5 Media Asset Value Maps 496
21.6 Conclusion 498
21.7 Bibliography 498
22 Signaling 502
22.1 Market Failure Due to Information Asymmetries 502
22.2 Market Communication via Signals 502
22.3 Approaches to Reducing Product-Related Quality Insecurities 505
22.4 Signals in Strategic Market Communication 520
22.5 Conclusion 531
22.6 Bibliography 532
23 Lock-In Management 538
23.1 Switching Costs and Lock-In 538
23.2 Switching Costs in Information Good Economy 540
23.3 From Accidental Lock-In to Planned Lock-In 541
23.4 The Lock-In Cycle 542
23.5 Conclusion 554
23.6 Bibliography 555
Part E The “Illegal” Information Market: Piracy 558
24 Possible Causes of Piracy 560
24.1 Piracy of Information Goods 560
24.2 Consumer Characteristics 562
24.3 Sense of Justice and Prices 563
24.4 Morals and Social Norms 565
24.5 Designing Products and Services 567
24.6 Conclusion 568
24.7 Bibliography 568
25 Economic Consequences of Piracy 572
25.1 Object of Consideration 572
25.2 Consequences of Piracy from a Welfare-Theoretical Perspective 572
25.3 Consequences of Piracy from Dynamic Points of View 576
25.4 Conclusion 582
25.5 Bibliography 583
26 Strategic Starting Points for Dealing with Piracy 586
26.1 Strategic Action in View of Piracy 586
26.2 Measures Against Illegal Offers 587
26.3 Improving Legal Offers 591
26.4 Developing New Business Models 594
26.5 Conclusion 596
26.6 Bibliography 597
Glossary 600
Index of Names 614
Subject Index 632

lt;!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">

“Information Markets: A Strategic Guideline for the I-Commerce, a cooperative project by economist Frank Linde and information scientist Wolfgang G. Stock, has been written from an information economics perspective. ... As an all-inclusive reference work this book is of value for a variety of audience including professors, scientists, practitioners, students, researchers, authorities, policymakers, decision maker, information technology (IT) managers, and others.”
The Information Society, 28 (2012), pp. 348–349

“... the book treats important aspects of information markets from novel perspectives that are both timely and relevant to LIS. As such, it warrants a place in individual and institutional collections.”
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63 (2012), pp. 1477–1479